also lived liorc; and it wna for decades a pil- j!iiiiuij;c lowii for those famed or interested in letters.
WEINBERGE, vln'l>f'r-ge, or KciNiGLiciiE
Weinhkkce. 'I'lie eajiital of a district in Holie-
niia, Austria, on the iloldau River, near I'ra^'iie,
of which it is an important suburb. Population,
in 190U, 5i!,l.s:;.
WEINGARTNER, vin'{.'ert-n(--r. Felix (18(13
— ). An Austrian musical conductor, born at
Zara, Dalmatia. He studied two years at the
Leipzig Conservatory, where he won the Mozart
Prize, made a short stay with Liszt at Weimar,
and in 1884 produced his opera KuK-untala there.
He was conductor of the theatres at Kijnigsberg,
Danzig, and Haniluirg and for two years at
Mannlieim. In IS'.ll he was appointed kapell-
meister at the licrlin Court Opera, but. owing
to poor healtli, resigned. In 1898 he settled at
Munich as conductor of the Kaim concerts.
Among his works are: Serenade for String Or-
chestra; Malaicika, an opera (1880) ; and (lenc-
sius, a three-act opera (1892). He also wrpte
Die Lchre von der Wiedergeburt und das musi-
kalische Drama (1895); Oehcr das Dirigiercn
(1890) ; and Haijreuth 1S76 his 1S96 (1897).
WEINHEIM, vin'him. A town in the Grand
Duchy of Baden, Germany, 11 miles northeast
of Mannheim. Leather, machinery, weapons, dye
stuffs, chairs. and soap are manufactured. Popu-
lation, in 1900, 11,108.
WEINHOLD, vln'hfilt, Karl (1823-1901). A
CJerman philologist and student of Germanic cul-
ture. He was born at Reichenbacli, in Silesia,
and studied at Breslau and Berlin. He became
privat-docent at Halle in 1847, removed to Bres-
lau in 1849, and became professor of German
language and literature at Cracow in the follow-
ing year, at Gratz in 1851, at Kiel in 1801, at
Breslau in 1870, and at Berlin in 1889. His
services to' Germanic grammar and anthro-
pology were valuable. The more important
of his publications include: Die deatsrlirn
Frauen im Uittclalter (1851: 2d ed. 1897);
AUnordisches Lcbcii (1850) ; Die Riescn dcs gcr-
manisehen Mi/thus (1859); Heidnische Toten-
bestattung in Dviitschland (1859) ; Alcmonnisehc
Grammatik (1803); Bayrische Grammatik
(1867) ; editions of the Old High German Isidor-
fragment (1874), and Pilatusfragment (1877);
Miitclhochdcutsehe Grammatik (1877; 2d ed.
1883) ; Miltelhochdeutsches Lesehuch (1850; 4th
ed. 1891); Verbreitung und Herkunft der
Dcutschen in Schlesien (1887); Ueber den
Mi/thns rom- Wanenkrieg (1890) : Zur Geschiehte
des heidnixehcti Ritiis (1890) ; Mystische Neun-
zahl (1897); Die Verehrung der Quellen in
Deiitsehland (1898). He was editor of (ler-
manistisehe Abhandlungen in 1882-91, and in the
latter year founded and edited the Zeitschrift des
Vereins fiir Vo}kskttnde.
WEIPERT, vl'pert. A town in the .ustrian
Crownland of Bohemia, on the slope of the Harz
Mountains, near the Saxon frontier, 68 miles
northwest of Prague. The manufactures include
firearms, silks, laces, and paper. Population, in
1900, 10,037.
WEIR (AS. wer, Ger. Wehr. weir, dam, dike:
connected with AS. irerian, Goth, icarjnn. OHG.
werjan, Ger. ivehren, to guard, protect, Skt. var,
to protect, prevent, cover). A barrier or dam
thrown across a stream to facilitate the measure-
ment of its How, to rai'-e its levcd, or to direct
the water for any useful or ornamental purpose.
The word is also >ised to denote .several varieties
of fish traps. (See Fi.siiehie.s.) In the United
States the term is but little employed except
for measuring weirs and waste weir's or spill-
ways; but in Great Britain, Egyjit, India, and
Australia it is quite commonly applied to such
dams as have water llowing over their tops, either
continuously or in Hoods. For orilinary dams for
waste weirs or spillways, .see D.ms a,ni) Be.ser-
voufs.
Measortno Weirs are generally restricted to gauging the How of comparatively' smallnatural streams, sewers, and the like, and to serve as checks on other methods of measuring Hows, such as meters, or the displacement of pump. As a rule they are temporary structures and there- fore are more commonly built of wood. Some- times metal is employed, but such is rarely the ease, except for the crest of the weir. Ordinary flow dams may be used as weirs, either by chang- ing their crests to make them conform to the accepted types, or by making allowances in com- putations. The standard measuring weir has a perfectly horizontal knife-edge, with vertical ends, and its back, or up-stream face, a vertical plane surface. This is known as a sharp-crested rectangular weir. If the ends of the weir proper do not extend the full width of the stream, allow- ance must be made for what are called end-con- tractions. When the two ends of the weir are inclined to the crest the weir is known as trape- zoidal. If two such inclined ends join in a com- mon point, so there is no horizontal crest, the weir is called triangular. In determining the flow of water over weirs, the observer merely de- termines the depth of the water on the weir, taking care that the measurement is made far enough above the weir to avoid the curved sur- face which is formed as the water pitches over. The readings are taken at sufficient intervals to include all marked variations in the depth of the water, or automatic recording gauges may be employed. The actual volumes are tinally deter- mined from the tables giving the discharge for various lengths of overflow, depths on the weir, and the character of the weir. See iRRlGATioif.
Bibliography. For further details, with ac- counts of various experiments, formulas, tables, etc., and extended bibliography, consult pp. 218- 225 of Turneaure. ^yater Snpph/ Engineering (New York, 1901), and papers in Transactions American Society of Civil Engineers (New York, March and May,' 1900). Both are technical. The latter gives the results of important experiments at the hydraulic laboratory of Cornell University.
WEIR. wer. Harriso;^ William (1824—). An English illustrator and author, bom at Lewes, Sussex. He first exhibited at the British Institution a picture of "Wild Duck" in 1843 and
in 1849 was elected a member of the New Society of Painters in Water Colours. He soon turned himself to the work of an illustrator and was on the original staffs of the Ilhifttratcd London News. Field, Graphic, and Black and White. He also illustrated a large number of books, for some few of which dealing with animals he also supplied the letterpress. His principal work, however, is Our Poultry and All About Them (1903), which occupied his attention for twenty
