WILES. 513 WILHELMJ. "Girl in Black," and "(iohlon Dreams." His best known portrait is "My Fatlicr and Mother." He has a clever touch in l)oth nuMliiinis — water- colors and oils — and is peculiarly skillful in his rendition of textures. WI'LEY, Harvey Washington (1817—). An Anierii'an chemist, born in Kent, Tnd. He graduated at Hanover College in 1807, at the Indiana Medical College in 1872, an<l at Harvard in 187.'i: was professor of chemistry at Purdue University from 1874 to 1883; was State chemist of Indiana in 1881-83; and became chief of the Divisicm of Cliemistry in the United States De- partment of Agriculture in 1883, acting also, after 1895, as professor of agricultural chem- istry in the Columbian University, Washington, D. C. In 18!)3-!)5 he was president of the Ameri- can Chemical Society. His publications include: Soiifis of Afiriciilliiral Chemists ; Princijilrs and Practice of Aftricultiiral Chciniatri/ (3 vols., 1804- ■97) ; and a large number of Government bulletins and reports. WILEY, Isaac William (182.5-84). A Methodist Episcopal bishop. He was born at Lewiston, Pa., graduated from the medical de- partment of New York University in 1846, and entered the Genesee Conference in 1849. He was missionary to Fu-chow, China. I8.50-.54: pastor in Newark and Jersey City, lS.54-.58: principal of Pennington Seminary, 1858-64 : and editor of the Ladies' licpositorji, Cincinnati, 1864-72: and was elected bishop, 1872. He died while on an epis- •copal visit to Fu-chow. He published: Fallen Berocs Buried in Fooehoie Cemetcri/ (1858); Religion in the Famih/ ( 1872) ; China and Japan (1870). Consult biograi)hv bv R. S. Rust (New York, 1885), WIL'FRID, or WILFRITH, Saint (034- 709). An English churchman. He was the son of a Northumbrian thane. At fourteen he was sent to the Court of King Oswin, and from there to the Monastery of Lindisfarne. At the age of nineteen he went; on a pilgrimage to Rome. After an absence of five years he returned to England and warmly advocated the Roman custom of cele- brating the Easter Festival on the 14th day of the moon, which had never been followed in the British Isles. From Alchfrith, King of Deira, lie received a grant of land for ii nionasteiy at Eipon, and there, probably in (iC<7:. be was ordained a priest. The Synod of Whitby, which met in 664 to discuss the disputed question re- garding Easter Time was attended by the most distinguished members of both parties, and among others by Colnian, Bishop of Lindisfarne, and A'ilfrid. The council and audience were carried away by Wilfrid's argument, and the King de- cided in favor of the Roman party. Wilfrid was afterwards named Bishop of York, but he did not enter into possession of his see until 660. He then surrounded himself with great pomp, built churches, one of which, at Hexham, was said to be the finest north of the Alps, but soon found himself at strife with the royal power. A quar- rel with the King of Northumbria, named Eegfrid, resulted in Wilfrid's deposition. He started on a journey to Rome to make a personal appeal to the Pope and on the way landed on the coast of Frisia. the inhabitants of which were still pagan. There, however, he was hospitably re- ■ceived by the ruler, and he baptized many of the people. Wilfrid was afterward.? recalled to his see; but he was still active as the lea<ler of the Roman p:irly. and ultimately he was de- prived of his bishopric. He ag:iin went to Rome, where he arrived in 704, returned to England in 705, and receiveil the see of Hexham. He died at Onndle, in Northampton. The best conti'mpo- rary authority is Kddi's Vita Wilfridi, published in Historians of Vorfc, vol. i., "Rolls Series." Con- sult also: Bright, Early h'nf/li.sh Church His- tori/ (3d ed., Oxford. 1897) ; ilunt, The English Church from Us Foundation to the Norman Con- quest (London, 1899). WILHELM, vil'helm, Karl (181.5-73). A German nuisician, ccnnposer of "Die Wacht am Rheiii." He was born at Schm;ilkalden, studied at Cassel, under Spohr. and at Frankfort under Andre and Aloys Schniitt. He was director of the Crefeld Lie'dertafel from 1839 to 1804. and composed numerous male choruses for it, "Die Wacht am Rhein" was first sung by a large chorus on the occasion of the silver wedding of the Prince of Prussia (afterwards William 1.). in 1854, but did not attain its wide popularity until the out- break of the Franco-German War in 1870. Wil- helm received the title of 'Royal Prussian Musical Director' in 1860. and four years later received a gold medal from Queen (later Empress) Au- gusta and was granted a pension of 3000 marks. He died at Schmalkalden. WILHELMINA, vil'hel-me'na, Queen of the Netherlands ( 1S80 — ). She is the only daughter of William III. of the Netherlands, and his second wife, Emma, daughter of Prince George Victor of Waldeck. She w-as born at The Hague on August 31, 1880. Upon the death of her father in 1890 she became Queen; but the coun- try remained under the regency of Queen Emma until August 31, 1898. when Wilhelmina com- pleted her eighteenth year and became Queen regnant. Her coronation took place on Sep- tember 6, 1898. in the New Church at Am- sterd.am, amid unusual rejoicings. The influence of the popular Queen Emma was not lessened by this event, however, and she remained the con- stant companion and adviser of her daughter till the latter's marriage on February 7, 1901, at The Hague, to Duke Henry Frederick of ileck- lenburg-Schwerin. WILHELMJ, vel-hPl'me, August (1845—). A German-English violinist and conductor. He was born at Usingen, in Nassau, and received his first lessons on the violin from Conrad Fischer, Court conductor to the Duke of Nassau at Wies- baden. At the age of eight he played in quartets, and on January 8. 1854. made his first public ap- pearance at a concert given at Limburg-on-the- Lahn, and two years later caused a great sen- sation with his skillful playing at the Court theatre of Wiesbaden. From 1861 to 1864 he studied under Richter and Hauptmann, at the Leipzig Conservatory, and subsequently under Raff at Wiesbaden. Throughout his entire ca- reer as a student, however. Ferdinand Davis, to whom he had been taken by Liszt, superintended his studies. In 1865 he made a tour of Switzer- land, and the following year visited Holland and England, in 1877 Fiance and Italy, and in 1878 Russia, in which latter country he became ac- quainted with Berlioz. In 1874 he toured Nor- way, Sweden, Denmark. Germany, and Austria,
