WINTER PALACE. 580 WINTHROP. the Empress Anne, and was built by her on the site of a house presented to Peter II. The pal- ace was partially destroyed by fire in 1837, but was at onee restored. Its dimensions are: length 455 feet, breadth 350 feet, and height 80 feet. The interior contains a great number of suites and richly ornamented halls vrith im- portant paintings. The brilliant Court balls are held in the Nicholas Hall and are the most imposing royal functions of Europe. In the Romanoff Portrait Gallery are preserved the likenesses of sovereigns since Michael Feodoro- vitch. The treasury contains the costly collec- tion from the Faissian crown jewels. WINTER'S BARK. An aromatic bark, re- sembling cinnamon and similarly used. It de- rives its name from Captain Winter, who first brought it from the straits of Magellan in 1579. It is the product of Drimys Winteri of the natural order Magnoliacea;, a native of some of the mountainous parts of South America and abundant in the lower grounds of Cape Horn. The bark of other species has similar properties. In Australia the fruit of Drimys aromatica is used as a substitute for allspice. WIN'TERSET. The county-seat of Madison County, Iowa, 42 miles southwest of Des Moines, on the" Chicago. P.ock Island and Pacific Railroad (Map: Iowa, 3). It is the shipping point of a productive farming region, and is especially noted for its large stock-raising interests. _ There are valuable limestone deposits in the vicinity. The court house, costing .$150,000. and the Pub- ■ lie Library are among the chief features of the city. The electric light plant is o^vned by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 2281; in 1900, 3039. WINTER'S TALE, A. A comedy by Shake- speare, produced, according to Forman's diary, in 1611, printed in the 1623 Folio, and probably one of Shakespeare's latest plays. It was found- ed on GJreene's romance Pandosto (1588), later kno^Ti as the Historie of Dorastus and Faimiia. Greene's geographical errors are repeated, but the story is marvelously enriched and trans- formed. WINTERTHUR^ ^•in'ter-toor. A town of the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, in the Tiiss Val- ley, on the Eulach, 16 miles by rail northeast of Zurich (Map: Switzerland. CI). It is a mod- ern, well-built town. There are several handsome churches, a fine town-hall in the Greek style from plans by Semper, a gallery of Swiss paintings, and a museum of antiquities and natural his- tory. ^Yinterthur is a rich manufacturing and commercial town. There are vine-growing and cambric-weaving industries, and the manufacture of machinery. Population, in 1900, 22,335, mostly German-speak iiig Protestants. WINTER WHEAT. See Flour. WINTHER, vin'ter, Chrlstian (1796-1876). A Danish poet, born in Fensmark, and educated at the University of Copenhagen. Ills poems show art in their construction, and are significant as ex- pressions of national characteristics. His first collection of poems, yogU digte (1835), was followed by ^ang oy saijn (1841) ; Lyriske digte (1840): iViyc difite (1850); and Iljortens flugt (1856), a romantic lyric which was liis master- piece. WIN'THROP. A town, including several vil- lages, in Sullolk County, Mass., 5 miles north- east of Boston, on Massachusetts Bay, and on the Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad ( Map : Massachusetts, F 3 ) . Attractively situ- ated, it is the place of residence of many business men of Boston, as well as a popular summer re- sort. The cliief features include tlie Dean Win- throp house, dating from 1640, tlie Frost Pub- lic Library with a collection of pictures and in- teresting historical relics. Forts Bank,s and Heath, Ingall's Park, and the Winthrop Shore Reservation. Winthrop formed successively a part of Boston, Clielsea, and North Chelsea until 1852, when it was separatelv incorporated. Popu- lation, in 1890, 2726; in 1900, 6058. WINTHROP. FiTZ John (1638-1707). A colonial Governor of Connecticut, the son of John Winthrop (1600-76). He was born in Ipswich, Mass., studied for a time at Harvard, went to England and served in the Parliamentary Army until the Restoration, and returned to New England in 10G3. He sei-ved as a major in King Philip's War (1675-76), was a member of CJovernor Andros's council in 1686, and in 1690 commanded, as major-general, the Connecticut and New York troops, together with the Iroquois, who were to attack Montreal, but actually, owing to disease and faint-heartedness, never reached Canada. He was an agent for Connecticut at London from 1693 to 1697, and was Governor of the colony from 1698 until his death. WINTHROP, JoH>' (1588-1649). An Eng- lish colonist in America, first Governor of the colony of Massachiisetts Bay. He was born at Edwardston, Suffolk, England, and his early life was spent at Groton JIanor, in Sufi'olk. He studied for two years (1602-04) at Trinity Col- lege, Cambridge. At the age of eighteen he ap- pears to have been a justice of the peace. In 1626 he was appointed attorney in the Court of Wards and Liveries, presided over by Sir Robert Naunton. The drift of afi'airs in Parliament, the impending crisis in the political world, and his own sympathy with the Congregationalist movement, led him to take an interest in Ameri- can emigration. The London proprietors of the Massachusetts Company, who had determined to transfer the seat of government to the New World, on October 30, 1629. ' elected John Win- throp Governor. On June 22. 1630, with a fleet of eleven ships, Winthrop arrived at Salem. Soon afterwards he removed to Charlestown, whence in the September following he and his fel- low colonists again removed — this time to the site of Boston, which ]dace tlicy founded. During twelve of the nineteen years which Governor Mntlirop lived in Massacliuselts he was Gov- ernor of the colony. After 1030 he was annually elected until 1634, when he was chosen Deputy Governor under Thomas Diulley (q.v.). Dudley was followed by John Haynes (1635) and Haynes by Sir Harry Vane (163(;). During the latter's Governorship Winthrop as Deputy Governor led the opposition to the lil)eral policy adopted by Vane toward Anne Hutchinson (q.v.) and her followers. He had sciiarated from the Church of England on leaving England, and was at this time thorouglily identified with the Puritan movement. He opposed strenuously the new Antinomianism and on the issue thus raised was
