WORTHEN. 661 WOUND. there to Cuniniinsville, Oliio, wliore be tauglit school for some time. In 1830 lie moved to Warsaw, 111., where he afterwards resided, ex- cept for a short stay in Boston (1842-44). In geology he was self-taught and pursued his stud- ies wliilc engaged in business, becoming an ex- pert paleontologist. In IS;')! he beeame a mem- ber of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, in 18i)3 assistant State geologist of Illinois., and in 18.53 filled a similar position in Iowa. In 1858 he became State geologist of Illinois, a position which he held till 1877, when the Geological Survey was abandoned. In the same year he was appointed curator of the State Historical Society and Museum of Natural His- tory, a position which he retained till his death. He gathered a large collection of Carboniferous crinuids and liis most important discoveries were among the Lower Carboniferous. He also made valuable palcontological discoveries of fish re- mains ami terrestrial flora. WORTHEN, William Ezr. (181!)-07). An American civil engineer, born at Amesbury, Mass. He was educated at Harvard College and practiced his profession in Massachusetts prior to 1850, when he moved to New York. There he designed many large buildings and water- works of several cities. Besides several papers on hy- draulic and sanitary suljjects, he published: CyclopiFdia of Drainng (1857); First Lessons in Mechanics (1802) ; I'lidiincntari/ Drawing for Schools (1803). WORTHIES OF ENGLAND,, The. The grcatc--t wurk of Thomas Fuller, a Voluminous collection of national biographies, originally post- humously published in 1G02. It W'as reprinted, with explanatory and corrective notes, in 1811, bv John Nichols, and in 1840 by P. Austin Nut- tall. WORTHING, wilr'THing. A fashionable wa- tering-place on the Sussex coast, England, 10 miles west of Brighton (Map: England, F 6). Its importance began with the nineteenth cen- tury. Early fruits are grown under glass here, an industry to which manv acres of land are de- voted. Population, in 1891, 16.006; in I'JOl, 20,006. WORTHINGTON, wur'tning-ton, Henhy EossiTER (1817-80). An American inventor and hydraulic engineer, born at Tarrytown, N. Y. He early devoted himself to the study of steam machinery; invented the independent feed pump, and in 1849 patented the direct-acting steam pump. Five years later he built the first direct- acting compound condensing engine, and soon afterwards he invented the ditplex pump. See PuMp.s .VXD PujipiNG Machinery. WOT'TON, Sir Henry (1568-1630). An Eng- lish dijilomat and poet. He was born at Bough- ton Malherbe, in Kent, and educated at Win- chester School and at New and Queen's Colleges, Oxford. He traveled for nearly seven years on the Continent. In 1595, after his return to Eng- land, he entered the service of Robert Devcreux, Earl of Essex, and made a number of foreign journeys in his behalf. Being implicated, through this connection, in the condemnation falling upon Essex for conspiracy (1001), Wotton remained out of England during the remainder of Eliza- beth's reign, though once he journeyed from Italy to Scotland, disguised as an Italian, to warn James VI. (afterwards James I. of England) of a conspiracy against his life. Upon the acces- sion of James 1. he was recalled to England and appointed Am1)assador to Venice in 1C04. With two intermissions he retained the post until 1024. In 1624 he became provost of Eton and held the post until his death. Wotton is the au- thor of two poems included in every collection of English verse, "The Character of a Happy Life." and On His Mistress, the Queen of Bo- hemia," and a posthumous publication, Ucliquits Woltoniancr, or a CoUcction of Lives, Letters, I'ocms. v:ith Characters of Sundry Personages and Other Incomparable Pieces of Language and Art (1051). This volume contained the memoir by Izaak Walton. WOTTON, William (10001720). An Eng- lish scholar, born at Wrentham, in Suffolk, His father, trained in the classics liy .Merle Casaubon, began to teach the boy Latin and Greek at the age of four, and Hebrew at the age of five. In his tenth year William entered Catharine Hall, Cambridge, and the master, John Eachard, re- corded that in these languages he was second neither to Hammond nor to Grotius. After grad- uating B.A. in 1079, Wotton was elected fel- low of Saint John's College, Cambridge, took orders, and held various livings, eventuallj- be- coming a prebendary in Salisbury Cathedral (1705). His scholarship was recognized by an election to the Royal Society (1087). Wotton, one of the most precocious of scholars, is best known as the author of Reflections upon Ancient and Modern Learning (1094), written on the side of the moderns in the famous controversj' of the time. Among his other works were a History of Rome (1701), and Traditions and Usages of the Scribes and Pharisees (1718). Wotton also studied Welsh. After his death appeared Leges Wullicw (1730), a translation of the laws" of Hywel Dda. For the principles on which Wotton was educated, consult Henry Wotton's Essay on the Education of Children (posthumous, London, 1753). WOULD-BE, Sir Politick and Lady." A tire- some and pompous traveler ami his pedantic wife, in Jonson's T o//;ohc. The two characters, omitted in some revhsed editions of the play, are a satire aimed against John Bull and his wife wlien traveling, WOUND (AS. iL-und. OHG. u-iinfa, Ger. Wunde, wound; pi-obably fonnected with Goth. U'innan, to suffer). An injury attended with a division of tissue produced by sudden mechanical force. The skin may be' broken, as in the case of an open wound ; or it may be unljroken, and deep structures attacked, as in a subcutaneous wound. Wounds are termed penetrating, when they enter a cavity without emerging; perforating, when they enter and emerge from a cavity. All wounds are accompanied by some death of tissue. If great areas are contused or lacerated, death and destruction are great, and graver conditions arise. Wounds may be classified as aseptic, when they are not contaminated by poisonous in- fection : and as septic, when bacterial or other fermentative agents have been admitted, in which case suppuration and sloughing ensue. Among the local symptoms of wounds are im- pairment of function, pain, bleeding, and shock.
