WRESTLING. 667 WRIGHT. not meet his opponent by a sustained counter- cffort as docs a lioxer, but instead makes a sliirking of pliysieal contact and tlic avoidance of ertort an inipoitant part of his phiy. An ag- gressive eonibatant lias to be exceedingly careful that his aggressiveness and impetuosity are not deftly dellcctcd so that by the exercise of some little trick of the game he himself is made to dis- locate his shoulder or break a limb without the expenditure of the slightest ed'ort on the part of his opponent. At the beginning of the twen- tieth century there were many important kinds of jiujutsu throughout .Japan, whieli, although tlicy differed sliglitly from each other in methods and practice, were practically a unit in teaching the idea of Akiyama. There were forty different schools in Tokio alone. WREXHAM, reks'am. A municipal borough in Denbighshire, North Wales (Map: Wales, C 3). It stands '2 miles soutliwest of Chester, on an aflluent of the Dee. The town is well built, and the church, a handsome edifice in Perpendicular, dating from 1470, with a tower 135 feet in height, is styled 'one of the seven wonders of Wales,' The churchyard contain.? the tomb and quaint epitaph of" Elihu Yale (1648-1721), founder of Yale College, The town owns an electric lighting depot, cattle mart, slaughter liouses, and markets, and maintains a sewage farm, cemetery, art school, and free library. In the vicinity are collieries and lead mines, and the town has iron works, paper mills, breweries, and important markets and fairs. Population, in 1901, 14,9(i0. WRIGHT, Akthue Williams (1836—). An American scientist and educator, born at Leb- anon, Conn. He graduated at Yale in IS.j'.t, and was an instructor in the Sheffield Scientific School in 1SG7-68. He studied in Heidelberg and Berlin in 1808-60 ; w'as professor of phv'sics and chemistry in Williams College in 1869-72; pro- fessor of molecular physics and chemistry in Yale, 1S75-S7; and in 1887 was made professor of experimental physics. He contributed numer- ous scientific papers, chiefly on astronomical and electrical subjects, to various publications, and became a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical So- ciety, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. WRIGHT, Carroll D.widson (1840—). An American economist and statistician, born in Dunbarton. N. H. He began to study law in 1860. Ijut his course was interrupted by the war, in which he served first as a private and finally as a colonel in the Union army. Resuming his studies in Boston in 1865, he was soon admitted to the New Hampshire bar. After serving two terms in the Massachusetts Senate, to which he was elected in 1871, he was chief of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of Massachusetts from 1873 to 1888, in which position he superintended the State censuses of 1875 and 1S85. In 1885 he tecarac United States Commissioner of Labor, a position which he still holds. In his long ser- vice he has published in the annual and special reports and the bulletin of the department many valuable statistical studiejs of the labor question. He was placed in charge of the completion of the census of 1890 and has made other valuable in- vestigations at the request of Congress. He be- came president of the American Statistical As- VOL. XX.— 43. sociation and occupies an honorary chair of political science in the Catholic L niversity in VNashington. He was an important member of the commission appointed by the President to in- vestigate and arbitrate the strike of the an- thracite coal- miners in 1902, and he .served on many other conciliatory boards. Andrew Car- negie made him one of the original trustees of the Carnegie Institution. In 1902 he accepted the presidency of the College Departjnent of Clark I'niversity, Worcester, Mass. Ifis writings in- clude a large number of essays in the periodicals, and the following works: The industrial Evolu- li(jii uf Ihc United tStiitcs (1895); and Outlines of I'idctical tioviology (1899). WRIGHT, Charles Henry Hamilto.v (183C- — ). An Irish clergyman, born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. lie was Bampton lecturer in 1878, Donnellan lecturer in 1880, and Grinfield lecturer on the Septuagint in the University of Oxford from 1893 to 1897. He was examiner in Hebrew at the University of London from 1897 to 1899, and examiner in He- brew at Victoria University. Manchester, from 1897 to 1899, and at the University of Wales un- til 1901. His publications include: (Irammar of Modern Irish ( 1855) ; Hook of Genesis in Hebrew (1859); Bunyan's Marks with Notes (1866); Biblical Essays (1885) ; Roman Ciiiholieisin Examined in. Light of Scripture (1897); and Genuine Writings of Saint Patrick icith Life (1902). WRIGHT, CiiAUNCEY (1830-75). An Ameri- can physicist and philosophical writer, born in Northampton, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1852, and became a computer for the Ameri- can Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, then just established. By frequent contributions to maga- zines and reviews he won a wide reputation as a physicist and mathematician. He was corre- sponding editor of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences from 1863 to 1870. delivered a course of university lectures at Harvard on the principles of p.sychology, and was an instructor at Harvard in mathematical phv'sics in 1874-75. He published at intervals between 1864 and 1875 a notable series of articles in the North American Review, was a frequent contributor to the Na- tion, and in 1871 published two papers on the "Genesis of Species" in reply to St. George Mivart's attack on the theory of natural selec- tion, which were republished in England at Dar- win's instance. A collection of his writings with a biographical sketch by Charles Eliot Norton was published under the title Philosophical Dis- cussions (1877). Consult a chapter in Fiske, Danrliiism and Other Essays (Boston, 1885). WRIGHT, Elizur (1804-85). An American journalist and Abolitionist, born in South Canaan, Conn. He graduated at' Yale in 1826, and was professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at Western Reserve College, 1829-33. Then he settled in New York, where he was for five years secretary of the Anti-Slavery Society, editing within that time two anti-slavery periodi- cals. Human Rights and the Quarterly Anti- Slarery Magazine. In 1839 he went to Boston and edited the Massachusetts Abolitionist, the Chronotype. and its successor, the Common- irealth. He was State insurance commissioner of Massachusetts in 1858-66. and he wrote fre- quently on insurance and political topics.
