WULKER. 675 WTJNDT. has published : Dos Evangelium Nikodemi (1872); AltoKjIisclies Lesehuch (1874-80); Kleiiiere anyelstichsische Dichtungen (1882); Grein's liihliuthek der (inijdmchsischen I'oesie, rc- edited (1881-119); (Irundriss ziir Geschichte der anticlftiichni.'ichcn Lillcratur (1885); Codex Vcr- cellensis (18114) ; (IrKchiclite der englischen Lit- teratur (18!Hi): and liibiiothek der angelsiich- sischen, I'rasn (18U!M- WULLENWEBER, vi.il'lcnvfi'ber, JiJRGEN (141)2-1537). A Haiiscatic' statesman born in Hamburg. Having removed to Liibeck lie ac- quired great influenee there during the party- conllicts attendant upon the estalilishmcnt of the reformation, and, becoming the leader of the demoeratic-protestant faction, was elected one of the four burgomasters in 1533. In this posi- tion he made it his chief aim to restore the political hegemony of Liibeck on the Baltic Sea by the subjection of Denmark and Sweden and the propagation of Protestantism, but was thwarted by the unlucky turn which the campaign against Denmark took and the return to power of the aristocratic part.v at Liibeck. When, moreover, a writ of execution from the Imperial Chanilier at Speyer, issued in -June, 1535, threatened the city with the ban of the empire, if the old aris- tocratic constitution were not restored within forty-five days. Wullenweber resigned his office. On a journey to Hadeln soon after, he was ar- rested by the Archbishop of Bremen and de- livered to that prelate's brother, Duke Henry of Brunswick, a sworn enemy of Lutheranism, who kept him in durance at Steinbriick. Put to the rack the most inconsistent self-accusations were extorted from him. whereupon he was condemned to death and executed in Septeml)er, 1537. Con- sult Waitz, Liibeck unter Jiirgrn WiiUenireher tind die eiiropiiiKche Piilitik (Berlin, 1855-5fi). WiJLLERSTORF - URBAIR, vul'lers-torf- iir'bar', Bernii.rd, Baron von (181CJ-83). An Austrian admiral, born at Triest. He entered the Tia-y in 1833, and after a special course in as- tronomy at Vienna in 1837-39, was appointed director of the naval observatory and professor at the naval academy in Venice. In 1848 he was intrusted with the reorganization of the latter institution at Triest and made its com- mandant. In 1857, having in the meanwhile at- tained the rank of commodore, he was put in command of the Novara Expedition around the world, and after its return in 1859 superintended the publication of its reports. Sent to the North Sea with a squadron, during the Schleswig- Holstein campaign of 1804, he wrested from Den- mark the North Frisian islands. In 1865-67 he was Minister of Commerce, and after his retire- ment was made a life memiier of the House of Lords. His publications include: Veber dns Vrr- hnlten und die Vrrtcilung der Winde aiif der Oherfliichc der Erdr (1860) : Veher die WieMig- krit dcs Adriritischen Meers filr Ocstrrreich (ISfil): BemerkiDwen iiber die physiknliselien Verhiiltnisse dcs Adriritischen Meers (1803). His Vermischfe Sckriften. were published by his widow (ISSO). WtTLLNER. vnl'ner, , AnOLF (183.5—). A German physicist, born in Diisseldorf. He stud- ied in Bonn. ]Iunich, and Berlin, and became decent in Marburg, 1858. In 1862 he was appointed director of the technological school at Aix-la-Clia])elle, in 1805 profcs.sor of physics in the agricultural school at Poppelsdorf, and was also at the same time assistant professor of physics in the University of Bonn ( 1867-09). In 1809 he became professor of physics in the Poly- technic Institute at Aix-la-Chapellc. He carried on important investigations in all branches of l)hysies and wrote: Lchrbiich der llrjierimeniiil- physik (1802; 5th ed. 1895); Einleilunii in die Diojitrik des Augcs (1860); and Kompcndium dii- rin/sik (1879). WtfLLNER, Kranz (1832-1902). A German composer, born at Miinster, Westphalia. He studied in bis native place, and at Frankfort, Berlin. Brussels, and Munich. In 1856 he wasap- lK)inted instriictor in pianoforte at the Munich. con- servatory. He held the position of town musical director "at Aix-la-Chapelle from 1858 to 1804. In 1807 he became director of the choral classes in the reorganized School of Music at Munich and wrote for them Choriibnngcn der Miinchencr Musikschulc. In 1879 he succeeded Biilow as con- ductor of the Court Opera and the Academy Con- certs. He became Court kapellmei-ster at Dresden and artistic director of the conservatory in 1877, and director of the Cologne Conservatory and conductor of the Gurzenich concerts in 1884. Among his works are: Beinrich der Finkler, a cantata for solo, male chorus, and orchestra ; ad- ditional recitatives to Weber's Oberon. accepted by many of Germany's principal theatres; Psalm 125, for chorus and orchestra: Miserere for double choir; and Stabat Mater for double choir; besides masses, motets, songs, chamber-music, and pianoforte pieces. WUNDERLICH,, voon'der-lir;, Karl Arou.sT (1815-77). A German physician, born at Sulz- am-Xeekar. He was edvieated at Stuttgart, Tiibingen, and Paris. In 1846 he was appointed professor in the I'niversity of Tiibingen and director of its clinic, and in 1850 he accepted a call to Leipzig, where he carried on bis important inrestigations of temperatures. The Archiv fiir phi/siologische Heilkunde, founded by him in 1841, became the organ of the most advanced medical thought. Wunderlich published Ver- such einer pathologischen Physiologic des Blutes (1844) ; Tlnndbuch der Pathologic und Therapie (1846-54): Onriidriss der spe^irllen Pathologie vnd Therapie (1858); Geschichte der Medizin (lS59i : and Das Yerhalten der Eigenicarme in Krnnkhcitcn (1808). WUNDT, vunt, Wilhelm (1832—). A Ger- man physiologist, psychologist, and philosopher, born at Xeckarau, in Baden. He studied from 1851 to 1856 at Tiibingen, Heidelberg, and Berlin, specializing in medicine. In 1857 he qualified as privat-docent in physiology at Heidelberg, where he became assistant professor in 1804. After serving one year as professor of philosophy at Zurich, he was finally ealleil to a similar po- sition at Leipzig in 1875. He published the following works: Die Lehre von der Miiskel- beiregung (1858) ; Beitriige cwr Theorie der t^innesirahrnehmvna (1862): Vorlesiingcn iiber die Mctischen- nndTierseele (1863, .3d ed. 1897; Eng. trans.. Lectures on Human and Animal Psi/chologn. 2d ed. 1890) : Lehrbuch der Phy- siologic dcs Mcnschen (LSO."), 4th ed. 1878); Die physikalischen Axiome tind ihre Beziehung
