WYETH. 683 WYNDHAM. 1873 ; was assistant demonstrator of anatomy in the latter institution in 1873-74, and later was preceptor to the ehuir of aniiloniy and surgery there. lr(im 1880 to 18'J7 he was surgeon to the Mount .Sinai Hospital, New York City. In 1882 he founded the New York Polyclinic, probably the first medical school for practitioners in the United States, and after occupying the chair of surgery in that institution for several years became, in addition, president of the faculty in 181)3. He was twice president of the New York Pathological .Society, and in UIOl was president of the New Y'ork State Medical Association. His puldications include: A Text-Book on Hur<irry (1888) ; Bloodless Amputation, at the Hiji Joint (1890); Osteo-Plastic Operation for Correction. o( Deformities of the Nose and Palate (1892) ; and a Life of General Nathan Bedford Forrest (1899). WYKEHAM, William of. See William OF Wykeiiam. WYXIE, wi'lr, Alexander (1815-87). An English missionary and sinologist, born in Lon- don. He was educated parti}' in Scotland and partly in London. With Premare's Notitia Lin-_ _guw tiinicce and with a New Testament he learned to read Chinese fairly well. In 1847 he went to Shanghai as superintendent of the Mission Press of the London ilissionary Society, and there, be- sides mastering Chinese, he carried through the press the new Delegates' Version of the Bible. In 18G0 he became agent in China of the British and Foreign Bible Society. In the prosecution of his new work he traversed 17 of the 18 prov- inces of China, and naturally had less time for •writing, but w-hen in 1877 he retired, worn out with manifold labors and half blind, the list of his writings was a long one. In a year or two he became totally blind, bnt with the assistance of his daughter he continued his translation of the Han dynasty history and the preparation of the catalogue of his library, which went to the Bodleian at Oxford. He died in London. His industry was enormous and his learning deep and wide. He published in Chinese, A Compendium of Arithmetic, with tables of logarithms, etc.; Euclid's Elements, books vii. to XV., reprinted by Tseng Kwoh-fan (in 1865) ; A Popular Treatise on Mechanics (1858); De Morgan's Treatise on Algebra (1859) ; Loomis's Elements of ArMlytical Geometry and his Dif- ferential and Integral Calculus (1859); and Herschel's Astronomy , with the original steel plate illustrations (1859). In 1855 he brought out an English version of a Chincse-Manchu Grammar, and in 1859 edited and published the Gospels of Matthew and Mark in Manchu and Chinese. His best known work in English is Notes on Chinese Literature (1867). WYLIE, James Aitken (1808-90). A Scot- tish theological writer, born at Kirriemuir. He was educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, at the University of Saint Andrews, and at the Orig- inal Secession Divinity Hall, Edinburgh. In 1846 he became sub-editor of the Edinburgh 'Wit- ness and in 1852 (having joined the Free Church of Scotland) editor of the Free Church Record. In 1860 he was appointed lecturer on Roman Catholic and Protestant theology at the Protestant Institute. Edinburgh, and he held this position till his death. All his life he was a Vol. XX.— 44. zealous upholder of Protestantism and wrote copiously on this topic and other religious sub- jects. His more inqjortant works were: The Modern ,/udea (1841); Ituins of Bible Lands (1845) ; The Great Exodus (1863) ; The History of Prolcstaniism (1874-77) ; The Jesuits (1881) ; Over the Holy Land (1883), and History of the Scottish Nation (1880-90). WYLIE, KoiiERT (1839-77). An American artist, born on the Isle of Man, and educated at the Pennsylvania Academy, Philadelphia, In 1863 he was sent by the trustees of that academy to study in France. He lived at Pont-Aven in Brittan}', where he founded a little colony of ])ainters. In 1872 he received a second class medal at the Paris Salon, but it was not until after his death that his works were exhiliited and fully appreciated. One of the best, "Death of a Vendcan Chief" (1876), is in the jMetro- politan Jluscum, New Y'ork City. WYMAN, wi'mon, Jeffries (1814-74). A distinguished American naturalist and anatomist, born at Chelmsford, Mass. He graduated in medi- cine at Harvard College in 1833 and at the Medi- cal School in 1837, and two years later was made demonstrator of anatomy and curator in the Lowell Institute, Boston. After studying in Europe, he was elected in 1843 professor of anat- omy and physiology at Hampden-Sidney College, llichmond, Va. Four years later he became pro- fessor of anatomy at Harvard Universitj', where he remained till his death. He made extensive and valuable collections in comparative anatomy and archaeology, and he published nearly seventy scientific papers. His work as a comparative anatomist, a student of American Indian antiqui- ties, and an early champion of evolution was of the first importance. WYNANTS, or WIJNANTS, wi'nants. .Ja:t
- (c.l(J2U-c.79) . A Dutch landscape painter. He
was born at Haarlem, and lived there and at Amsterdam. He was one of the earliest land- scape painters in Holland, and is intrinsically interesting for his color, though his choice of subjects was poor. Wouverman painted figures in his landscapes while he lived at Haarlem, and Van der Velde, Lingelbach. and others after he removed to Amsterdam. His work is well rep- resented in many of the European galleries, es- pecially in those of Amsterdam, The Hague, Munich, Saint Petersburg, and the National Gal- lery and Wallace Collection. London. WYNDHAM, win'dnm. Sir Charles (1841- — ). A well-known English actor and manager. Educated as a physician. ' he came to America during the Civil War and was for a time a sur- geon in the United States Army. While in this country, too, he made his appearance upon the stage; and after his return to England appeared in London (1868), where he soon became very popular in light comedy. His Charles Surface was much admired, and another of his successes was made in an adaptation of Bronson Howard's Saratoga, called Brighton, in 1874, which he afterwards played in German at Berlin. In 1876 he became connected with the Criterion Theatre, of which he assumed control in 1879. Among his productions there were Truth (1879) ; Wild Oats (a revival in 1886), in which he had already appeared elsewhere in 1873; David Garriek (1885); The Case of Rebellious Susan (1894),
