YUROK. r52 YVON. which are built square cabins of split logs set upright in the ground, with a very small door- way. The women are skillful basket-makers, weaving water-tight baskets, as well as mats, cups, and cradles, from willow twigs and pine roots, and ornamenting them in patterns of vari- ous color designs. Their ordinary weapons in former times were the bow^ lance, and knife. Chiefs have but little authority and the men marry but one wife. They bury their dead with the usual funeral rites and keep up a fire near the grave for several nights. They have a num- ber of dances, including one to celebrate the birth of a child. A careful estimate in 1870 made their number about 3000, although undoubtedly greatly diminished since the coming of the whites. Their present number is unknown, as they have never been gathered upon a reservatiou- YURTJCARE, yoo'roo-ka'ra (Quiehua, white men), or YURACAEE. A group of tribes con- stituting a distinct linguistic stock, living in the forests on the eastern slope of the Andes, about the headwaters of the Beni River. Central Bolivia. The Yurucare are noted for their light complexion and tall stature, averaging nearly six feet, and for their handsome features, par- ticularly among the women. They are hunters and warriors, wild and given to a roving life, although some of them were collected into the Chiquito missions during the mission period end- ing with the expulsion of the .Jesuits in 1707. YUSCARAN, yus'ka-r;in'. The capital town ot the Department of El Paraiso, Honduras, .3.3 miles soutli-southeast of Tegucigalpa. In the vicinity are silver mines. Population. 5000. YUSTJF-IBN-TASHFIN, voo'suf-ib'n-t;ish- fen' (BEx-Tashufin or -T.^xry^j") ( c. 1006?-! 106 ) . A Moorish conqueror, second of the Ahnoravide (q.v. ) dynasty in Morocco and founder of the Almoravide dominion in Spain. He was a cousin of Abu-Bckr. the founder of the dynasty, and succeeded him on the throne, his capital being at Morocco (c.I070). In 1086 he was called into Spain by Al-Mo'tamid, Emir of Seville, to assist in checking the advance of the Castilians under Alfonso VI., and routed the Spaniards at Zalaca (Sacralias). near Badajoz. Recalled to Ceuta by the death of his eldest son, he was vinable to follow up his victory, and the Cas- tilians again threatened the hold of the Moors in Spain. At the renewed solicitation of the Emir. Vusuf crossed again into the peninsula (1090). He beat back the Spaniards, made war upon the Moorish princes, and united the whole of the Mohammedan dominions in Spain to the Kingdom of Morocco. In 1103, at the age of 97, as it is said, ho abdicated in favor of his son Ali, and returned to Africa, where he died. Con- sult: Freeman. History and Cont/uests of the flarncciis (Oxford, 1856) ; Copp^^e, fjistory of the Conquest of Spain by the Arah-Moors (Boston, 1881). YUTHIA, yoo'th6-a. A city of Siam. See AyniiiA. YUZGAT, yuz-gat', or YOZGAD. A town in the Vilayet of Angora. Turkey in Asia, capital of a sanjak, situated at an altitude of over 4000 feet, more than 100 miles east of Angora (Map: Turkey in Asia, F 3). Population, 15,000. YVERDON. e'var'doN'. A town of the Canton of Neuchatel, in Switzerland, at the south- west end of the Lake of Neuchatel, 23 miles southwest of the city of Neuchatel (Map: Switz- erland, A 2). Its ducal castle (1135) was occu- pied from 1805 to 1825 by the celebrated school of Pestalozzi. The castle now contains the mti- nicipal school, a museum of Roman and Celtic antiquities, and a library. Yverdon has a hand- some town hall and an extensive system of docks. There are railroad shops and foundries. Popula- tion, in 1900, 7985, nearly all French Protestants. YVES D'EVREUX, ev da'vre', Pierbe (e.l570-c.lC30) . A missionary and author, born at Evrcux, in Xormandy. In 1595 he became a Capuchin and was sent as superior of four mis- sionaries with a French colony in 1012 to Mar- anh.ao, Brazil. Two years afterwards he returned to France and wrote an account of his life in Brazil, part of the manuscript of which was de- stroyed by his printer. A modern annotated edi- tion was published in 1864 by Ferdinand Denis from the only known copy, which was in the Bibliothfeque Nationale in Paris. The copy had the title Suite de riiisioirc des chores plus me- tnornhlcs adveniies en Mnrngnan is annees 1613 et 161J,. YVETOT, Pv'tS'. The capital of an arron- dissement in the Department of .Seine-Inferieure. France, on the plateau of Caux. 31 miles by rail northeast of HaTe (Map: France. G 2).' The ruins of the Bernardine monastery are occupied by the court and jail. Cloth fabrics are exten- sively manufactured. Yvetot was long an inde- pendent principality, locally called a kingdom. Its sovereignty came to an end in 1681. It has been immortalized by Beranger in his burlesque song. " Le roi d'Yvetot." Population, in 1901, 7.352. YVON, e'v6N', Adolphe (1817-93). A French battle painter, born at Eschwiller (Moselle). He studied with Delaroche in Paris, and first ex- hibited portraits. After a journey to Russia in 1843. which resulted in many valuable drawings and pictures of Russian subjects executed later, he devoted himself to biblical and historical subjects, among them a "Repentance of Judas" (1846) and several after Dante, but the suc- cess of his "Battle of Kulikovo" (1850) deter- mined him to become a battle painter. The exhibition of "Napoleon Crossing the Alps" and "Marshal Ney at the Retreat from Russia" in 1855 brought him a commission to accompany the Frcncli army to the Crimea. His three colossal pictures of the "Storming of the Tilalakoll'" ( 1857- 59. Versailles), which received tlic grand medal of honor at the Salon, are characteristic of his art. They show good dr;iughtsniansliip. composi- tion, and dramatic action, but are hard and dry in color, and theatrical in the extreme. His later works include, besides a number of i>or- traits, the "Hattle of Solferino" (1801), "Battle of Magenta" (1863). anil the "United States of Wnicrica" (187(1). an allegorical representation nf tliirty-fonr Stales grouped iiround the central ligure of the Republic, executed for A. T. Stewart.
