§ 197.Verbal Adjectives.
Transitive Verbs have:
1. A Present Participle Active, denoting the same time as that of the leading Verb : amāns loving.
2. A Future Participle Active: ămātūrŭs about to-love, denoting time future to that of the leading Verb.
3. A Participle Passive, denoting (generally) time prior to that of the leading Verb: ămātŭs loved.
4. A Gerundive, as ămandŭs.
Intransitive Verbs have only i and 2.
Deponent Verbs, if Transitive, have all four; but the Past Participle of some Verbs is used sometimes in an Active and sometimes in a Passive sense: cŏmĭtātŭs having accompanied or having been accompanied. If they are Intransitive, they have all but the Gerundive.
§ 198. The Gerundive.—The Nominative of the Gerundive, like the Gerund, is used in the sense of obligation: hostēs nōbīs vincendī sunt the enemy are for us to conquer, we must conquer the enemy.
In the other Cases it is used instead of the Gerund when the latter takes a Direct Object in the Ace. The Object and the Gerundive are put in the same gender, number, and case. Thus instead of ĭn adminĭstrandō rem pūblicam in conducting the government (public affairs), we can say in rē pūblĭcā admĭnistrandā.
The Gerund and Gerundive, though used in a Passive sense, take the Dat., not ā with the Abl. of the Agent.
The Infinitive.
§ 199. Forms of the Infinitive.—The Latin Verb has single forms for only the Present Infinitive Active (mŏnērĕ), the Perfect Infinitive Active (mŏnŭissĕ), and the Present Infinitive Passive (mŏnērī).
§ 200. The Perfect Infinitive Passive is formed peri-
