Gerund and Gerundive.—In the Third and Fourth Conjugations these often end in -undum, -undus, instead of -endum, -endus, as făciund-um, făciund-us.
Derivative Verbs.
§ 295. Derivative Verbs are those formed from other Verbs, and from Nouns or Adjectives. The latter are sometimes called "Denominative" Verbs. The following are important classes of Derivative Verbs.
Desiderative Verbs, expressing desire for an action. These are of the Fourth Conjugation, and are formed from the Supine base of the original Verb by the inflexion -ŭriō, -ărīrĕ; e.g. (ĕd-ere, es-um eat), ēs-ărīre be hungry.
Intensive Verbs, expressing the same idea as the original Verb but intensified in some way. These are of the First Conjugation, and are formed directly from the base of the Supine; e.g. (iac-ēre, iact-um throw), iact-āre toss.
Frequentative Verbs, expressing the frequent repetition of the action of the original Verb. These are of the First Conjugation, and are formed from the Present, or less often from the Supine, by the inflexion -itō, -itāre (-ītārĕ if the original Verb is of the Fourth Conjugation); e.g. (clamāre shout), clām-ĭtāre clamour; (scrīb-ĕrĕ, scrīpt-um write), scrīpt-ĭtāre write often; (dormī-re sleep), dormī-tāre nod.
But both Intensives and Frequentatives often came to be used in the mere sense of their original Verbs.
Inceptive Verbs, expressing the beginning of an action. These are of the Third Conjugation, and are formed—
{a) From the Present of Verbs, with the inflexion -āscĕrĕ -ēscĕre, -iscĕre, '-īscĕre, according as the original Verb is of the First, Second, Third, or Fourth Conjugation.
(b) From Nouns or Adjectives ("Denominative" Verbs), with the inflexion -escere (or sometimes -āscĕrĕ).
These Verbs commonly have no Perfect or Supine, but some borrow these parts from their original Verbs; e.g. (trĕm-ĕrĕ tremble), trĕm-iscĕre begin to tremble; (ārd-ēre burn), ex-ārd-ēscĕrĕ, ex-ārsī, ex-ārsum burst into flame, (mātūr-us ripe), mātūr-ēscĕre ripen.
