SYNTAX.
§ 105. Accidence has shown us what are the different forms of words which are used in language. Syntax will now show us how and when these are to be employed. Syntax therefore deals with the construction and arrangement of words in a sentence. We shall first speak of Construction. For Arrangement or Order see § 432.
§106.SENTENCES.
A Sentence is a complete thought expressed in language. Sentences are either Simple or Complex.
§ 107. A Simple Sentence expresses one single independent thought, as urbs antīquă fŭit there-was an ancient city.
When two or more simple sentences are closely united, they are often called a Compound sentence as: ĕō rĕdĕō I go and return. A Co-ordinate Conjunction is often used to show the. connexion. See § 348.
§ 108. A Complex Sentence expresses one leading thought with one or more dependent thoughts: dōnĕc ĕris fēlīx, multōs nŭmĕrābĭs ămīcōs so-long-as you-shall-be fortunate, you-will-count many friends.
The parts of a complex sentence are called Clauses'. The part which contains the leading thought is called the Principal clause. The rest are called Subordinate or Dependent clauses. In the above example, multōs nŭmĕrābĭs ămīcos you-will-count many friends, is the Principal clause, and dōnĕc ĕris fēllx (which only states how long you will do so) the Subordinate clause.
§ 109. The four kinds of Sentences.—All sentences are divided according to their meaning. There are four kinds of Sentences which differ essentially.
I. Statements. Affirmative statement or Affirmation,
