Accusative.
The chief uses of the Accusative are :
1. Accusative of Direct Object.
2. Accusative of Extent.
3. Accusative of Motion towards something.
4. Accusative as Subject to Infinitive.
§ 131. Accusative of Direct Object.—Transitive Verbs take an Accusative of the direct object of their action: vīdĕo fūrem I see a-thief, hōc rŏgō I-ask this.
The Accusative is also used in Exclamations when a person or thingis the object of a strong feeling, as ō mĭsĕrum hŏmĭnem O the wretched man!
§ 132. Accusative of Extent.—Extent of Space. The Accusative is used of the extent of Space through which anything moves or extends : multă mīlĭă passŭum prōgrēssī sunt they advanced many thousands of paces (i.e. miles).
Accusative of Extent of Time.—The Accusative is used, by a metaphor, of the length of time throughout which an action goes on: bēstiŏlae quaedam ūnum dĭem vīvunt certain little-creatures live (only) one day.
Accusative of Sphere of Action.—The Accusative is also used to show the extent or sphere of an action or state.
(a) A Neuter Adjective or Pronoun: vălērĕ to-have-power, mŭltum vălērĕ to have much power, to be very powerful, hōc fallŏr I-am-mlstaken in-this.
(b) A Noun of same meaning as the Verb, with an Adjective or other defining word: lūdum īnsŏlentem lūdĕrĕ to-play an arrogant game. This is called the Cognate Ace.
§ 133. Accusative of Motion towards a Place.—Only of names of Towns and small Islands; also dŏmum home, rūs to-the-country, fŏrās out-of-doors. Corcȳram nāvĭgāvĭmus we sailed to-Corcyra. With other words a Preposition is required.
For the Accusative of Purpose from Verbal Nouns, see § 194.
