§ 140. Dative with Verbs compounded with a Preposition.—Most Verbs compounded with a Preposition take a Dative of the Indirect Object. This is to be variously translated in English; ămīcīs dēfŭĭt he-failed (was lacking to) his-friends; căpĭtī subdūxĕrăt ēnsem she-had-removed the-sword from my-head; cōnstăt sĭbĭ he-agrees with-kimself (i.e. he is consistent).
§ 141. B. Dative of Use or Purpose Served.
1. The Dative of Verbals is used, generally as a Complement to Nouns, to express the result aimed at : sīgnum rĕceptŭī the-signal for-retreat.
2. Predicative Dative.—The Dative of Abstract Nouns is used as a Predicate, 'generally with essĕ, to show what function the Subject performs or what result it effects. A Dat. of the Person is generally added : exĭtĭō est ăvĭdum mărĕ nautīs the greedy sea is destructive to sailors, lit. for a destruction, cūrae sunt atquĕ lăbōrī they cause care and toil.
Genitive.
§ 142. The commonest use of the Genitive is to qualify Nouns. It is also used as a complement to Adjectives and Verbs.
§ 143. The Genitive with Nouns.—The Genitive shows that one Noun is connected with or referred to another Noun. The kind of connexion or relation is very various.
Connexion in General.—Quaestĭō săpĭentĭae an inquiry about-wisdom.
Possession.—Caesărĭs hŏrti Cæsar's gardens.
Origin and Cause.—Lăbŏr discendī the toil of learning, sēmĕn bellī the seed of the war (from which the war sprang).
Partition.—The Genitive being used of the whole of which a part is taken: Brĭtannōrum fortissĭmī the-bravest of-the-Britons, nĭhĭl nŏvī no news (nothing of news).
