KhsLei 146 Khalil Khaef Kaslimiri, MatQana, Lfj^^ a poet. Khafi, ij'^^i poetical title of Mir Abul Hasan Khan, author of a poem caUed " Chahar Dervish." Khafi Khan, ty^^ LS'*^' whose original name is Muham- mad Hashim, was the author of the work called " Tarikh Khafi Khan," which is also called " Muntakhib-ul-Luhab," an excellent history of Hindustan, commencing with the invasion of the emperor Babar Shah, 1619 A. D., 925 A. H., and contiaued to the accession of Muhammad Shah ; comprehending the whole of the reign of the em- peror 'Alamgir, also those of Baliadur Shah, Jahandar Shah, Farrukh-siyar, and Kafi-ud-darjat ; all of which, except the first ten years of ' Alamgir' s reign, Colonel Dow was obliged to pass over, for want of docimients. There are few works in the Persian language (says Stewart) so worthy of being translated. The author was a person of good family, who resided at Dehli during the latter part of the reign of 'Alamgir, where he compiled his history ; but in consequence of the well-known pro- hibition of that monarch, he was obliged to conceal his intentions, and for some other causes did not publish it till the 14th year of the emperor Muhammad Shah, 1732 A. D., 1145 A. H. The work was well received, and the author was honoured with the title of Khafi Khan, or the Clandestine Lord. Khaiyam, vide 'IJmar Khaiyam. Khaju, vide 'Khwiju. Khakan, c> '•^j the title of Changez Khan and his de- scendants. It means an emperor in the Turkish dialect. Khakani, ls^^'"^) a celebrated Persian poet surnamed Afzal-uddin Ibrahim bin-' AH Shfrwani. He was a native of Shirwan, and the pupil of Falaki the poet. He flou- rished in the reign of Khakan Manuchchr, prince of Shirwan^ who conferred on him the title of Khakani. He is the author of the book called " Tuhfat-ul-Irakm," a poetical description of the two provinces of 'Irak 'Ajam and 'Irak 'Arab, composed by him while travelling through them on a pilgrimage to Mecca. He is consi- dered the most learned of the lyric poets of Persia, and was called " Sultan-ush-Shu'ara" or king of poets. He is also the author of a Diwan, according to Daulat Shah, and the book called " Haft Aklim," he died at Tabrez in the year 1186 A. D., 682 A. H., and is buried at Surkhab, where, close to his tomb, Zahir-uddrn Faryabi and Shah Ghafur Naishapuri are also interred. The chronogram of the year of his death given in the work " Mukhbir-ul- Wasilin," shews that he died in 1199 A. D., 695 A. H. Khaki, c5^^=>', author of the "Munakib-ul-'Arifln." This book contains the memoirs of three xevy celebrated Sufi Shaikhs, viz., Khwaja Baha-uddin, Burhan-uddm, and Jalal-uddin. The former of these was reputed a groat saint, and was the founder of an Order of Sufis, distin- guished by the title of Nakshbandi. He died at Harafa in Persia, 1453 A. D., 857 A. H. The two others were authors of commentaries on the Kuran, and were held in much veneration. The above-mentioned book was dedi- cated to Baha-uddin. Khaki Shirazi, isj]ji-*' t5^'=^, author of a Persian Diwan. Khaksar, j^^^^, poetical name of Shukr-uUah Khan, who died in 169G A. D., 1108 A. H., and has left a Diwan. Khaldlin, uj'^-^, vide Khalidun. Khalif or Khalifas, ^^M^, of the house of Muhammad, see Abu Bakr Siddik. Khalif or Khalifas, "^i"' of the race of Umayya who reigned at Damascus, vide Mu'awia I. Khalif or Khalifas, as*^^ *^=^, of the house of 'Abbas called 'Abbasi or ' Abbasides, who reigned at Baghdad, vide Al-Saffah. Khalif or Khalifa, this Arabic word, which signi- fies vicar or successor, of which we have formed that of Khalif or Caliph, is the name of a sovereign dignity amongst the Musalmans, which comprehends an absolute power, and an independent authority over all that re- gards religion and political government. Not only the first four immediate successors of Muhammad, hut the rulers of the house of Umayya, vsrritten by us Ommaides, who reigned in Damascus, and the 'Abbasides who reig-ned in Baghdad, were also called Khalifas. There were in all 66 Khalifas, 4 of whom were of the house of the prophet, 16 of the house of TJmayya, and 37 of the house of 'Abbas. Khalid ihn-Barmak, '^'if'. u^'^^^, was the first of the Barmakides, who acted as wazfr to Abti'l 'Abbas Saffah. He was the grandfather of Ja'far, wazii' to Harun- al-Eashid. He died in the year 780 or 782 A. D., 163 or 165 A. H. Khalid itn-Walid, "^^^J i^ti.^ .^j^^ became a prose- lyte to Muliammadanism in 630 A. D., and afterwards so terrible to the Greeks ; was called from his courage, the Sword of God. In spreading the doctrines of the Kuran, and the dominion of the prophet, he committed atrocious cruelties, and was at last cut off by the plague in 639 A. D., but according to Ockley's History of the Saracens, Abu Ubeda died that year, and Khalid survived him about three years, and then died. Khalid ibn-Yezid ibn-Mua'wia, "^0^. u^l "^^^j he is reported to have been the most learned of the tribe of Kuresh in all the different branches of knowledge, and skilled in the art of alchymy. He died in 704 A. D., 85 A. H. Khalidi, ls'^"'^^j surname of Abu'l Faraj, one of the first poets of the court of the Sultan Saif-uddaula Hamdani. He was a native of Khaldia or Chaldea, consequently he is called Khalidi. Khalidun, lyj*^^, or 'Abdul Eahman bin-Muhammad bin-Khalidun, surnamed Alhazrami, was an author and Kazi of the city of Aleppo when Amir Timur took it, who carried him away to Samarkand as a slave, where he died 1406 A. D., 808 A. H. Khalil bin-Ahmad, Lfj'^ '^♦='1 ^^i^^-, of Basra, a very learned man who is said to be the first that wrote on the art of writing poetry. He wrote several works and died about the year 175 A. H. Khalil ibn-Is-hak, <3^=*"' ii}'.^ <^^^, author of a Mukh- tasir which goes after his name. This is a work profess- edly treating of the law according to the Maliki doctrines, and has been translated into French by M. Perron and published in the year 1849. Khalil, '-k^^, the poetical title of AH Ibrahim Khan, which see.
