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CHAPTER XI

THE COLLAPSE OF CZARIST RUSSIA 98

The Czar abdicates—The French depose Constantine
at Athens—Kemal urges Enver to withdraw from the
War—Mr. Lloyd George's new war aims in Turkey—The
Anglo-Russian Treaty of 1907 abrogated—Pan-Turanianism
leaps into life on the heels of the Russian
rout—The Mudros Armistice opens the British
road to the chaos in Russia.


CHAPTER XII

THE ANGLO-RUSSIAN WAR OF 1918-'20 108

How Mr. Lloyd George tried to impose alone upon
Islam that fate which Great Britain and Russia had
agreed to impose together in 1907—The Anglo-Persian
Agreement—The "Central Asian Federation"—The
American Mandate in Trans-Caucasia—The return
of Soviet Russia.


CHAPTER XIII

THE GRECO-TURKISH WAR BEGINS 120

Constantinople and the growth of Greek Nationalism—Surrounded
by British forces, the Turks go back to
peace—Application of the secret treaties which the
Allies had drawn up during the War—The Oecumenical
Patriarchate breaks off its relations with the
Ottoman government.


CHAPTER XIV

SMYRNA, 1919 127

Kemal returns to Constantinople—Turkish confusion
in the capital—The Turks ask for an American mandate—How
Kemal and Rauf Bey left for Samsun and
Smyrna, respectively—The Greek Pontus program—The
Greek occupation of Smyrna—The Turks go back
to war.


CHAPTER XV

THE ORTHODOX SCHISM IN ANATOLIA 142

Kemal falls to the status of a "bandit"—Turkish Nationalism
begins to re-mobilize and re-equip its forces—The
Erzerum Program and the Nationalist victory
in the Ottoman elections—How Papa Eftim Effendi
broke with the Oecumenical Patriarchate—The Turkish
Orthodox Church—Papa Eftim himself.