II
THE OLD OTTOMAN EMPIRE
KEMAL'S BIRTH AT SALONICA—HOW HE BECAME A
YOUNG TURK—WHAT THE OLD OTTOMAN EMPIRE
WAS LIKE—THE DIVISION OF ITS POPULATION
INTO RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES—THE WESTERN
CHALLENGE OF ITS Rûm (GREEK) COMMUNITY—ITS
DUTY TO ISLAM.
Forty-two years ago, when Abdul Hamid II ruled in Constantinople and the Ottoman Crescent and Star still floated over Salonica, an underling in the Salonica customs office died, leaving his widow with a small daughter and an infant son on her hands. The daughter in time grew up and married, as is the way of Turkish daughters. The son was intended by his mother for the mosque school and the career of a hoja, as is the way of Turkish mothers, but he became fascinated by the uniforms of the Ottoman Army officers whom he saw about the streets, as is the way of Turkish sons. In time he succeeded in passing the examinations for the military preparatory school at Salonica, where his mathematics teacher became so fond of him that he left off calling him by his given name of Mustapha and dubbed him Kemal, a Turkish name meaning rightness.
The military preparatory school at Salonica, the
