ined would strengthen the Union, and be for the advantage of our country; but they did not pretend to a right to determine finally upon any thing.…
Every member who attended the Convention, was, from the beginning, sensible of the necessity of giving greater powers to the federal government. This was the very purpose for which they were convened. The delegations of Jersey and Delaware were, at first, averse to this organization; but they afterwards acquiesced in it; and the conduct of their delegates has been so very agreeable to the people of these states, that their repsective conventions have unanimously adopted the Constitution. As we have found it necessary to give very extensive powers to the federal government both over the persons and estates of the citizens, we thought it right to draw one branch of the legislature immediately from the people, and that both wealth and numbers should be considered in the representation. We were at a loss, for some time, for a rule to ascertain the proportionate wealth of the states. At last we thought that the productive labor of the inhabitants was the best rule for ascertaining their wealth. In conformity to this rule, joined to a spirit of concession, we determined that representatives should be apportioned among the several states, by adding to the whole number of free persons three fifths of the slaves. We thus obtained a representation for our property; and I confess I did not expect that we had conceded too much to the Eastern States, when they allowed us a representation for a species of property which they have not among them.
The numbers in the different states, according to the most accurate accounts we could obtain, were—
| In | New Hampshire, | 102,000 |
| Massachusetts, | 360,000 | |
| Rhode Island, | 58,000 | |
| Connecticut, | 202,000 | |
| New York, | 233,000 | |
| New Jersey, | 138,000 | |
| Pennsylvania, | 360,000 | |
| Delaware, | 37,000 | |
| Maryland, (including three fifths of 80,000 negroes,) | 218,000 | |
| Virginia, (including three-fifths of 280,000 negroes,) | 420,000 | |
| N. Carolina, (including three-fifths of 60,000 negroes,) | 200,000 | |
| S. Carolina, (including three-fifths of 80,000 negroes,) | 150,000 | |
| Georgia, (including three-fifths of 20,000 negroes,) | 90,000 |
…The general then said he would make a few observations on the objections which the gentleman had thrown out on the restrictions that might be laid on the African trade after the year 1808. On this point your delegates had to contend with the religious and
