238 ON THE REPRESENTATION OF ^scliylus^ contrived a movable chamber, corresponding to the size of the door in the scene which was opened to exhibit the interior, and this chamber, according as it was merely pushed out or rolled out on wheels, was called the i^cocrrpa or iKKVKXrj/jLa^. These words are often used as synonyms^. But as the word i^cocTTpa, in its military sense, denoted one of those boarding- bridges, which were thrust forth from the besiegers' tower to the battlements of the enemy*, and as the same word in later Greek denoted a balcony projecting from the upper story of a house ^, it may be inferred that, as distinguished from the 6KKVK]/j.a, the e^warpa was generally used in those cases when the interior of an upper chamber was exhibited. It may however have been used also on the level of tlie stage, when a complete development of the interior was not required. With regard to the eKKVKXrj/jLa in particular, it is clear from the description in the grammarians, that it was a machine which moved on wheels^, and which might be rolled out through any one of the three principal doors on the Fig. 4- 1 Cramer, Anecd. Farts. I. p. 19: el fxhv hrj irdvTa rts Alcrx^^V l^ouXerai to. irepl T7}v (TKrfvriv evprifiara irpoav^fxeLV, iKKyKX-fj/naTa Kul irepLOLKTOVS Kal /j.ijxc-fo-s , i^t^crrpas re /cat TrpoffKTjPLa Kal 8iaTeyias. 2 The most complete essay on these contrivances is that by C. 0. Miiller, ErscJi u. Gruhers Encyclop. s. v. EhJcyklevia, Kkine Schriften, I. p. 524. 3 Pollux, IV. § 122: rriv M i^uxjTpav ravrbu rc^ eKKVKXrj/xaTi vofxl^ovcri.v. Hesych. : i^(J}aTpa iwl rrjs aK-qvqs to eKKVKr]/ji.a. Schol. Aristoph. Thesm. 276: iepbv ude^rai. Schol. Ravenn. ibid. : iKKUKXeirai ixl rb i^o) rb Qe<Jixo4>opi.ov.
- Vegetius, de re Militari, IV. 21.
5 *' 'E^wcrrpa et 'E^wo-r?;?, Moeniorum Projectio." Vide Ducange and Schleusner. <» Schol. Aristoph. AcJiarn. 415 : iKK^KXri/xa Xiyerai fXTjxduvi^c- ^^Xivov Tp6xov% ^x^p. Schol. Clem. Alex. p. 11, Potter: iKKVh:]/JLa ifcaXow aKeubs rt xnroTpoxov iKTos rijs aKTjvrjs, ov arpetpo/xipov e56/cei rd ^<rw ra ^^w (pauepd yiyvecdai.
