248 ON THE REPRESENTATION OF equipped with this clumsy buskin^; and the word itself is used by the Latin poets as a synonym for tragoedia'^. In addition to the cothurnus, and the padded figure^, the tra- gedian was increased to a colossal stature by his mask [irpoaca- nrelov), which not only represented a set of features much larger than those of any ordinary man, but was raised to a great height above the brow by a sort of elevated frontlet or foretop (07/C09, superficies^), rising in the shape of the letter A^, which formed the frame of a tire or periwig {TrrjviKT), <p€vdK7)^), attached to the mask. I Fig. 8. Fig. 9. When this head-piece was fitted on, there was only one outlet for the voice, sometimes represented as a square, but more gene- rally as a round opening {os rotundum'^) , so that the voice might be said to sound through it — hence the Latin name for a mask ^ Wieseler, Theatergeh. p. 52, Taf. ix. 2. See fig. 7, p. 246. ^ Horace, 2 Carm.. i . 1 3 : grande munus Cecropio repetes cothurno. Virgil, Eclocf. VIII. 10: Sola Sophocleo tua carmina digna cotJmrno. ^ Lucian, Jupiter Tragoedus, it. 44 ; de Gymnas. 23 ; de Saltat. ii. 27. ^ The word 67/cos (cf. S-yxh ^JKos, dyKvpa, &c.) refers to the curve at the top ; the Latin superficies, which also means a roof, indicates that it was over the face. ^ Pollux, IV. § 133: Xa/3Soet5^s T<p o-XTJMctri. Hence cftevaKi^uv, "to deceive." See Hemsterhuis on Julius Pollux, x. § 170. ^ The mouth is square in the figures on the Pio-Clementine Mosaic, Nos. i, 3, 4, 5, Plates II. III. IV. The size of the mouth is alluded to by Persius, v. 3 : fabula seu moeeto ponatur kianda tragoedo ; and Juvenal, in. 1 75 : personfe pallentis kiaitcm.
