BAY AND UPPER COAST COUNTIES 143 ers, he was taken under guard to Sutter's Fort and kept a prisoner for many weeks. Meanwhile his captors had proclaimed the " American Republic of California," and their flag had in turn been supplanted by the Stars and Stripes (1846). The " flag of the grizzly, the star and the bar " was created " to meet an emergency at a critical moment in California history." William Lincoln Todd, nephew to Mrs. Abraham Lincoln, drew in the centre of a torn sheet the bear. He then made a star in the upper left corner, which so closely suggested the Texan flag that it was de- cided to add a bar, for which was contributed, so the records detail, the red flannel petticoat of the Mexican wife of the American express rider be- tween Sutter's Fort and Sonoma. Thereafter the Californians called the Americans " The Bears." In 1911 the Bear Flag became the official State emblem. From Sonoma one may continue to Santa Rosa, or re- turn to San Francisco via the boats from Vallejo or Tiburon. Sausalito Tamalpais. The steamer which leaves the Mission Street wharf at the south end of the Ferry Building affords a close view of the shipping and wharves, the prison island of Alcatraz, the Expo-
