For though the mother occasionally quits her eggs on va- rious errands, it is only for a short season; she still has such affection for them that she speedily returns, covers them over, cherishes them beneath her breast and carefully defends them ; and this on to the twenty-first or twenty-second day, when the chicks, in search of freer air, break the shell and emerge into the light.
Now we must not overlook a mistake of Fabricius, and al- most every one else in regard to this exclusion or birth of the chick. Let us hear Fabricius. 1
" The chick wants air sooner than food, for it has still some store of nourishment within it ; in which case the chick, by his chirping, gives a sign to his mother of the necessity of breaking the shell, which he himself cannot accomplish by reason of the hardness of the shell and the softness of his beak, to say nothing of the distance of the shell from the beak, and of the position of the head under the wing. The chick, nevertheless, is al- ready so strong, and the cavity in the egg is so ample, and the air contained within it so abundant, that the breathing becomes free and the creature can emit the sounds that are proper to it; these can be readily heard by a bystander, and were recog- nized both by Pliny and Aristotle, 2 and perchance have some- thing of the nature of a petition in their tone. For the hen hearing the chirping of the chick within, and knowing thereby the necessity of now breaking the shell in order that the chick may enjoy the air which has become needful to it, or if you will, you may say, that desiring to see her dear offspring, she breaks the shell with her beak, which is not hard to do, for the part over the hollow, long deprived of moisture, and exposed to the heat of incubation, has become dry and brittle. The chirping of the chick is consequently the first and principal indication of the creature desiring to make its escape, and of its requiring air. This the hen perceives so nicely, that if she hears the chirping to be low and internal, she straightway turns the egg over with her feet, that she may break the shell at the place whence the voice proceeds without detriment to the chick.
1 Op. cit. p. 59.
2 Plin. lib. x, cap. 53. Arist. Hist. Anim. lib. vi, cap. 3.
