and prepared, and a variety of other particulars all tending, not without foresight, to the development of the embryo, before the first rudiment or the merest particle of this is conspicuous, what should hinder us from believing that the calidum innatum and the vegetative soul of the chick are in existence before the chick itself? For what is competent to produce the effects and acts of life, except their efficient cause and principle, heat, namely, and the faculty of the vegetative soul ? Therefore it would seem that the soul was not the act of the organic body possessing life in potentia; for we regard the chick with its appropriate form as the consequence of such an act. But where can we suppose the form and vital principle of the chick to inhere save in the chick itself? unless indeed we admitted a separa- tion of forms and conceded a certain metamorphosis.
Now this appears most obviously where the same animal lives, as Aristotle has it, by or under a succession of forms, for example, a caterpillar, a chrysalis, a butterfly. For it is of necessity the same efficient, nutrient, and conservative principle that possesses each of these, although under different forms ; unless we allow that there is one vital principle in the youth, another in the man, a third in the aged individual, or maintain that the forms of the grub and caterpillar are the same as those of the silkworm and butterfly. Aristotle has entered very fully into this subject, and we shall ourselves have more to say on it immediately.
It appears further paradoxical to maintain that the blood is produced, and moves to and fro, and is imbued with vital spirits, before any sanguiferous or locomotive organs are in existence. Neither is it less new and unheard-of to assert, that sensation and motion belong to the foetus before the brain is formed ; for the foetus moves, contracting and unfolding itself, when there is nothing more than a little limpid water in the place of the brain.
Moreover, the body is nourished and increases before the organs appropriated to digestion, viz. the stomach and abdo- minal viscera, are formed. Sanguification, too, which is en- titled the second digestion, is perfect before the first, or chyli- fication, which takes place in the stomach, is begun. The ex- crementitious products of the first and second digestions, namely, excrement in the intestines, urine and bile in the urinary and
