other in his more precious soul;[1] Do not unto others what it angers you to suffer yourself;[2] Even should we be able to conceal our conduct from gods and men, we are not the less bound to act uprightly;[3] The judge, as well as the criminal, is on his trial that he may deliver just decisions;[4] Do not revile the malefactor, but commiserate him as one who knows not right from wrong;[5] Blame none, for men only do evil involuntarily.[6] By the first century slaves had begun to be considered in a more humane light; and masters were enjoined to look on them as humble friends, as brothers with whom it was no disgrace to sit at meat.[7] The iniquity of the gladiatorial shows was beginning to be felt in the time of Cicero,[8] and they were denounced in no measured terms by Seneca.[9] Such exhibitions had never been proper to the Greek communities and, when an attempt was made to introduce them at Athens in the second century, the cynic philosopher Demonax restrained his fellow citizens by declaring that before doing so they should
- ↑ Plato, Gorgias, 55, etc.; Protagoras, 101, etc.
- ↑ Isocrates, Ad Nicoclem, 61. This maxim, in slightly differing forms, has been attributed to Confucius and many others. Pythagoras enjoined his disciples to love a friend as oneself; see Bigg, Christian Platonists, London, 1886, p. 242. "Love your fellow men from your heart," says Marcus Aurelius, viii, 34.
- ↑ Cicero, De Officiis, iii, 8. In this treatise the author is for the most part merely voicing the sentiments of the Stoic Panaetius.
- ↑ Epictetus, ii, 2.
- ↑ Ibid., i, 18.
- ↑ Marcus Aurelius, xii, 12.
- ↑ Seneca, Epist., 47; De Beneficiis, 18, etc. To a master who ill-*treats his servants Epictetus addresses himself: "Slave! can you not be patient with your brother, the offspring of God and a son of heaven as much as you are"; i, 13.
- ↑ Tuscul. Disp., ii, 17.
- ↑ Epist. 7.
