PART I
INTRODUCTORY
THE JEWISH COLONY IN ROME
At the beginning of the first century of the Christian era
the Jewish colony in Rome had attained large dimensions.
As early as B.C. 162 we hear of agreements—we
can scarcely call them treaties—concluded between the
Jews under the Maccabean dynasty and the Republic. After
the capture of Jerusalem by Pompey, B.C. 63, a number more
of Jewish exiles swelled the number of the chosen people who
had settled in the capital. Cicero when pleading for Flaccus,
who was their enemy, publicly alludes to their numbers and
influence. Their ranks were still further recruited in B.C. 51,
when a lieutenant of Crassus brought some thousands of
Jewish prisoners to Rome. During the civil wars, Julius
Cæsar showed marked favour to the chosen people. After his
murder they were prominent among those who mourned
him.
Augustus continued the policy of Julius Cæsar, and showed them much favour; their influence in Roman society during the earlier years of the Empire seems to have been considerable. They are mentioned by the great poets who flourished in the Augustan age. The Jewish Sabbath is especially alluded to by Roman writers as positively becoming a fashionable observance in the capital.
A few distinguished families, who really possessed little of the Hebrew character and nationality beyond the name, such as the Herods, adopted the manners and ways of life
