B. v. c. iv. 8. ITALY. CAMPANIA. 367 a promontory which projects out into the sea, and which, on account of the prevalence of the south-west wind, is a very healthy spot. The Osci l originally possessed both this and Pompeia, 2 which is next to it, by which the river Sarno 3 flows ; afterwards the Tyrrheni and Pelasgi, 4 and then the Samnites 5 obtained possession of them, and the last 6 in their turn were driven from these regions. Pompeia is the port for Nola, 7 Nuceria, 8 and Acerrae, which bears the same name as the city near to Cremona. It is built on the river Sarno, by which merchandise is received and exported. Above these places is Mount Vesuvius, which is covered with very beautiful fields, excepting its summit, a great part of which is level, but wholly sterile. It appears ash-coloured to the eye, cavernous hollows appear formed of blackened stones, looking as if they had been subjected to the action of fire. From this we may infer that the place was formerly in a burning state with live craters, which however became extinguished on the failing of the fuel. Perhaps this [volcano] may have been the cause of the fertility of the surrounding country, the same as occurs in Catana, where they say that that por- tion which has been covered with ashes thrown up by the fires of ^Etna is most excellent for the vine. The land about Vesuvius contains fat, and a soil which has been subjected to fire, and is very strong and productive of fruit : when this fat superabounds, it is apt, like all sulphurous substances, to take fire, but being dried up by evaporation, extinguished, and pulverized, it becomes a productive earth. Adjoining sudden, but progressive, since Seneca mentions a partial demolition which it sustained from an earthquake. (Nat. Qucest. vi. 1.) So many books have been written on the antiquities and works of art discovered in Herculaneum, that the subject need not be enlarged upon here. 1 Several inscriptions in Oscan, and Etruscan, characters have been discovered in the ruins of Herculaneum. Lanzi, (torn, iii.,) Komanelli Viaggio a Pompei ed Ercolano. 2 Pompeii. 3 The ancient Sarnus. 4 These Pelasgi were established among the Tyrrhenians. 5 It is believed that the Samnites possessed both places, 310, B. c. 6 The Romans must have been masters of these cities 272, B. c. (Livy, Epit. xiv.) 7 Nola resisted, under the able direction of Marcellus, all the efforts of Hannibal after the battle of Canna?. A remarkable inscription in Oscan characters relative to this town is explained by Lanzi, (torn. iii. 612,) its name is there written NUFLA. See Cramer's Ancient Italy, vol. ii. p. 211. 8 Nocera de' Pagani.
