Duplicated Words.—The words which are duplicated on account of emphasis, to indicate repetition, or to express the idea of excessiveness, should be noticed and classified here, to distinguish them from the Samāsa compounds. I need hardly remind you that according to the যঙন্ত rule and by the rule of the ণমুল্প্রত্যয়, words are duplicated in Sanskrit to indicate repetition or excess. I refer you to the whole section of the Siddhanta Kaumudi entitled Dvirukta Prakaranam which begins with the rule সর্ব্বস্যদ্বে, wherein reduplication of various sorts has been illustrated.
1. (a) The adverbs সোজাসুজি (quite direct), পাশাপাশি (close by the side), মাঝামাঝি (right through the middle), etc. (indicating 'very much'), and হাঁটাহাঁটি, ছুটাছুটি, টানাটানি etc., (indicating 'repetition'), may be classed under one head. Such adverbs as মোটামুটি from মোট (total; taking the whole roughly into consideration) and গোড়াগুড়ি from গোড়া (beginning from the very beginning) come also under this head, as the idea involved in the words is that মোট or গোড়া is taken repeatedly or much into consideration. The vowel changes in this class of duplication must be noted.
{b) কাটাকাটি, মারামারি, চুলাচুলি, হাতাহাতি, etc., fall also under this head as a sub-class, as a slightly-differing sense of reciprocity in fight is indicated by them. মুখামুখি (tete-a-tete), চোখা চোখি (each seeing the other), কোলাকোলি (the act of embracing), etc., are also of this class.
2. Though the idea "very much" is in the following words, they differ from the first class in meaning as well as in form; the words are duplicated without undergoing any change. Thinking too much of, or having anxious solicitude for, or making too much of, will be found to be the idea involved in বাড়ি বাড়ি, দাদা দাদা, and কলিকাতা কলিকাতা, in the following sentences,—আমার মনটা বাড়ি বাড়ি করিতেছে, সে দাদা দাদা করিয়া মরিল, তুমি বড়ই কলিকাতা কলিকাতা কর৷
