Appendix P. Copyright Term and Public Domain
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| Works First Published Outside the U.S. by Foreign Nationals or U.S. Citizens Living Abroad | ||
| Date of Publication | Conditions | Copyright Term in the United States |
|---|---|---|
| Before 1923 | None | In the public domain (But see first special case below) |
| 1923 through 1977 | Published without compliance with U.S. formalities, and in the public domain in its source country as of 1 January 1996 | In the public domain |
| 1923 through 1977 | Published in compliance with all U.S. formalities (i.e., notice, renewal) | 95 years after publication date |
| 1923 through 1977 | Solely published abroad, without compliance with U.S. formalities or republication in the U.S., and not in the public domain in its home country as of 1 January 1996 | 95 years after publication date |
| 1923 through 1977 | Published in the U.S. less than 30 days after publication abroad | Use the U.S. publication chart to determine duration |
| 1923 through 1977 | Published in the U.S. more than 30 days after publication abroad, without compliance with U.S. formalities, and not in the public domain in its home country as of 1 January 1996 | 95 years after publication date |
| 1 January 1978–1 March 1989 | Published without copyright notice, and in the public domain in its source country as of 1 January 1996 | In the public domain |
| 1 January 1978–1 March 1989 | Published without copyright notice in a country that is a signatory to the Berne Convention is not in the public domain in its source country as of 1 January 1996 | 70 years after the death of the author, or if work of corporate authorship, 95 years from publication |
