The shippes commonly goe deeper laden from Spaine, then our shippes doe in any voyage.
The order of the Carena giuen to the ships that goe out of Spaine, to the Indies.
The shippe of what burthen soeuer shee hee must giue a
Carena, as they call it in the Spanish tongue, which is in
English, shee must be thoroughly calked, and fortified, as well
with carpenters to set knees into her, and any other tymbers
appertaining to the strengthening of a shippe, as with calking:
which is to put occam into her sides; and that kinde of calking
is not used, as ours is here in England; but first before they put
in any threede of occam, they with certaine crooked yrons, with
an hammer in one hande, and the crooked yron in the other, doe
forcibly pull out all the olde threede that hath bene in the shippe
the voyage before, and so driue in new.
Calking with thinne plates of lead. If the seame of the shippe be worne to any bredth, as many olde shippes be, by reason of often raking them, vpon that seame there is clapt a piece of caste leade, nayled vpon the calking, and seame with speciall nayles, which leade is caste a handes bredth, and as thinne as may bee for the same purpose, and at euery voyage it is taken off and renued, and by that meanes their shippes are very stanch a yeere or two.
The Calker or Carenero. The Carenero or the Calker doeth giue in suerties, that if the shippe so cast ouer, as they doe commonly vse to cast them, in such sort as any man may goe drie vpon the keele, as I haue done, and without any butte, pipe, or any other kinde of timber vnder her sides, more then with counter-poyze of stones in her, made within certaine timber as though it were a cheste; and with the stones the Carenero doeth bring her as hee will, high and low, leaning, or rysing: and if shee miscarrie in her Carena, then is the Carenero bound, if it bee either by fire, water, or sinking, or any other misfortune, to pay for the valew of the ship.
The Carena of a shippe of one hundred tonnes being done so substantially as they vse to doe it, will cost two hundred Duckets, of two hundred tunnes, foure hundred Duckets, of three hundred tunnes, sixe hundred Duckets, and so according to the greatnesse of the shippe.
