Caithness or the Côtentin. Cumberland and Westmoreland, by those names, formed no part of the English kingdom when the Conqueror drew up his Survey. Parts of the lands so called, those parts which till recent changes formed part, first of the diocese of York, afterwards of that of Chester, are entered in Domesday in their natural place, as parts of Yorkshire.[1] The other parts are not entered, for the simple reason that they were then no part of the kingdom of England. It was now, in the third or fourth year of William Rufus, that they became so.
History of Carlisle.
603-685.
Lugubalia or Caerluel was reckoned among the Roman
cities of Britain. It was reckoned too among the cities of
the Northumbrian realm, in the great days of that realm,
from the victory of Æthelfrith at Dægsanstan to the fall
of Ecgfrith at Nectansmere.[2] Then the Northumbrian
power fell back from the whole land between Clyde
and Solway, and all trace of Lugubalia is lost in the
confused history of the land of the Northern Britons.
Its site, to say the least, must have formed part of that
northern British land whose king and people sought
Eadward the Unconquered to father and lord.[3] It must
have formed part of that well nigh first of territorial fiefs
which Eadmund the Doer-of-great-deeds granted to his
Scottish fellow-worker.[4] It must have formed part of
the under-kingdom which so long served as an appanage
for the heirs of Scottish kingship. But, amidst all these
changes, though the land passed under the over-lordship
of the Basileus of Britain, yet it never, from Ecgfrith to
Rufus, passed under the immediate dominion of any
English king. And, as far as the city itself was concerned,
for the last two centuries before Rufus the site was all
- ↑ See Appendix R.
- ↑ See Bæda, Hist. Eccl. iv. 29. But we have a more distinct notice in the Life of Saint Cuthberht, c. 27 (ii. 101 Stevenson), of "Lugubalia civitas, quæ a populis Anglorum corrupte Luel vocatur." In Ecgfrith's day there might be seen "mœnia civitatis, fonsque in ea miro quondam Romanorum opere extractus."
- ↑ See N. C. vol. i. pp. 58, 576.
- ↑ Ib. vol. i. pp. 63, 580.
