married. They had been taught, as had the boys, that they belonged to the State, and that they must love their country and serve her with all their strength. So when Spartan mothers sent their sons forth to war, they handed them their shields saying, 'Return either with your shield or upon it,' for they feared death less than disgrace or defeat.
The children were taught to sing in chorus as part of their drill. At some of the festivals three choirs took part, one of old men, one of young men, and one of boys.
When the old men sang a song beginning, 'We once were young and brave and strong,' the young men answered, 'And we're so now, come on and try,' while the boys' voices rang out bravely when their turn came, 'But we'll be strongest by-and-by.'
The Spartan lads were twenty years old before they left the training-house to which they had been sent when they were seven. They were then fully-trained soldiers and left the training-house for the barracks.
After they married, the men still had to take their meals in the barracks with their fellow-soldiers. Not until they were sixty years of age were the Spartans allowed to live and take their meals in their own house. In this way almost the whole of a Spartan's life was given to the State.
When war actually came and the Spartans were on the field, they were treated with more kindness than in time of peace. Their food was more plentiful and pleasant, their discipline less strict. This was done to make the soldiers look forward to war, and to desire it rather than peace.
The younger soldiers, too, were allowed to curl their hair before the battle began, to wear gayer clothes, and to carry more costly arms. It is said that Lycurgus thought that 'a large head of hair added beauty to a good face and terror to an ugly one.'
So famous became the bravery and the endurance of the Spartans, that even now we call one who suffers hardships without complaint 'a Spartan.'
