CHAPTER LIII
THE DELIAN LEAGUE
For at least forty years Sparta was the chief city in Greece,
and she was the head of the league which bound the cities
of Peloponnesus together. It was her brave king Leonidas
who had fallen gloriously at Thermopylae, it was her admirals
who had been the chief commanders at Salamis and at
Mycale. The decisive victory of Plataea had been won by
the Spartan Pausanias.
But after the Persian war was ended, the power of Sparta grew less and less, while that of Athens increased by leaps and bounds, until it was she who held the first place among all the cities of Greece.
One reason for this was that Athens, owing to the foresight of Themistocles, owned a well-equipped navy and could therefore rule the islands of the Ægean which had been wrested from the Persians.
Sparta had no navy, nor had she any great statesman to tell her that she must become a great sea-power if she wished still to hold the chief place among the cities of Greece. Sparta was content to drill her soldiers as she had been taught to do by Lycurgus, and she looked with contempt or with suspicion on what was new or unusual. It was only after Athens had far surpassed her in glory and in empire that her ambition was at length aroused, and she determined to win fame for herself by destroying her rival. Of Sparta's efforts to conquer Greece you will read when I tell you about the Peloponnesian wars.
After the battle of Plataea, Sparta soon lost the command
