104 STAT. 2674 PUBLIC LAW 101-549—NOV. 15, 1990 officers. An order issued under this subsection shall require the person to whom it was issued to comply with the requirement as expeditiously as practicable, but in no event longer than one year after the date the order was issued, and shall be nonrenewable. No order issued under this subsection shall prevent the State or the Administrator from assessing any penalties nor otherwise affect or limit the State's or the United States authority to enforce under other provisions of this Act, nor affect any person's obligations to comply with any section of this Act or with a term or condition of any permit or applicable implementation plan promulgated or approved under this Act. (5) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH NEW SOURCE REQUIREMENTS. — Whenever, on the basis of any available information, the Administrator finds that a State is not acting in compliance with any requirement or prohibition of the Act relating to the construction of new sources or the modification of existing sources, the Administrator may— "(A) issue an order prohibiting the construction or modification of any major stationary source in any area to which such requirement applies; "(B) issue an administrative penalty order in accordance with subsection (d), or "(C) bring a civil action under subsection (b). Nothing in this subsection shall preclude the United States from commencing a criminal action under section 113(c) at any time for any such violation. "(b) CIVIL JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT.—The Administrator shall, as appropriate, in the case of any person that is the owner or operator of an affected source, a major emitting facility, or a major stationary source, and may, in the case of any other person, commence a civil action for a permanent or temporary injunction, or to assess and recover a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 per day for each violation, or both, in any of the following instances: "(1) Whenever such person has violated, or is in violation of, any requirement or prohibition of an applicable implementation plan or permit. Such an action sheill be commenced (A) during any period of federally assumed enforcement, or (B) more than 30 days following the date of the Administrator's notification under subsection (a)(1) that such person has violated, or is in violation of, such requirement or prohibition. "(2) Whenever such person has violated, or is in violation of, any other requirement or prohibition of this title, section 303 of title III, title IV, title V, or title VI, including, but not limited to, a requirement or prohibition of any rule, order, waiver or permit promulgated, issued, or approved under this Act, or for the payment of any fee owed the United States under this Act (other than title II). "(3) Whenever such person attempts to construct or modify a major stationary source in any area with respect to which a finding under subsection (a)(5) has been made. Any action under this subsection may be brought in the district court of the United States for the district in which the violation is alleged to have occurred, or is occurring, or in which the defendant resides, or where the defendant's principal place of business is located, and such court shall have jurisdiction to restrain such violation, to require compliance, to assess such civil penalty, to collect any fees owed the United States under this Act (other than
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