105 STAT. 1250 PUBLIC LAW 102-182—DEC. 4, 1991 "(1) an individual who is not a citizen of the United States or an alien admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or "(2) a corporation, partnership, or other entity which is created or organized under the laws of a foreign country or which has its principal place of business outside the United States.". (b) AMENDMENT TO ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT. —The Arms Export Control Act is amended by inserting after chapter 7 the following: "CHAPTER 8—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS PROLIFERATION 22 USC 2798. "SEC. 81. SANCTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN FOREIGN PERSONS. "(a) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS. — "(1) DETERMINATION BY THE PRESIDENT.— Except as provided in subsection (b)(2), the President shall impose both of the sanctions described in subsection (c) if the President determines that a foreign person, on or after the date of the enactment of this section, has knowingly and materially contributed— "(A) through the export from the United States of any goods or technology that are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, "(B) through the export from any other country of any goods or technology that would be, if they were United States goods or technology, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, or "(C) through any other transaction not subject to sanctions pursuant to the Export Administration Act of 1979, to the efforts by any foreign country, project, or entity described in paragraph (2) to use, develop, produce, stockpile, or otherwise acquire chemical or biological weapons. " (2) COUNTRIES, PROJECTS, OR ENTITIES RECEIVING ASSIST- ANCE. —Paragraph (1) applies in the case of— "(A) any foreign country that the President determines has, at any time after January 1, 1980— "(i) used chemical or biological weapons in violation of international law; "(ii) used lethal chemical or biological weapons against its own nationals; or "(iii) made substantial preparations to engage in the activities described in clause (i) or (ii); "(B) any foreign country whose government is determined for purposes of section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. 2405(j)) to be a government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism; or "(C) any other foreign country, project, or entity designated by the President for purposes of this section. " (3) PERSONS AGAINST WHOM SANCTIONS ARE TO BE IMPOSED. — Sanctions shall be imposed pursuant to paragraph (1) on— "(A) the foreign person with respect to which the President makes the determination described in that paragraph; "(B) any successor entity to that foreign person; "(C) any foreign person that is a parent or subsidiary of that foreign person if that parent or subsidiary knowingly
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