107 STAT. 2696 PROCLAMATION 6577—JULY 2, 1993 identical or similar signs for goods or services which are identical or similar to those in respect of which the trademark is protected, where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. (2) Each Party shall refuse to register or shall cancel the registration and prohibit use of a trademark likely to cause confusion with a trademark of another which is considered to be well-known. A Party may not require that the reputation of the trademark extend beyond the sector of the public which normally deals with the relevant goods or services. (3) The owner of a trademark shall be entitled to take action against any unauthorized use which constitutes an act of unfair competition. (4) The rights described in the foregoing paragraphs shall not prejudice any existing prior rights, nor shall this affect the possibility of Parties making rights available on the basis of use. (iv) Term of Protection Initial registration of a trademark shall be for a term of at least 10 years. The registration of a trademark shall be indefinitely renewable for terms of no less than 10 years when conditions for renewal have been met. (v) Other Requirements The use of a trademark in commerce shall not be encumbered by special requirements, such as use which reduces the function of a trademark as an indication of source or use with another trademark. (vi) Compulsory Licensing Compulsory licensing of trademarks shall not be permitted. (vii) Transfer Trademark registrations may be transferred. (c) Patents (i) Patentable Subject Matter Patents shall be available for all inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, except that a Party may exclude from patentability any invention or discovery which is useful solely in the utilization of special nuclear material or atomic energy in an atomic weapon. (ii) Rights Conferred (1) A patent shall confer the right to prevent others not having the patent owner's consent from making, using, or selling the subject matter of the patent. In the case of a patented process, the patent confers the right to prevent others not having consent from using that process and from using, selling, or importing at least the product obtained directly by that process. (2) Where the subject matter of a patent is a process for obtaining a product, each Party shall provide that the burden of establishing that an alleged infringing product was not made by the process shall be on the alleged infringer if the patent owner presents evidence that a substantial likelihood exists that the product was made by the process and the patent owner has been unable through reasonable efforts to determine the process actually used. In the gathering and evaluation of evidence to the contrary, the legitimate interests of the defendant in protecting his trade secrets shall be taken into account. (3) A patent may be revoked only on groimds that would have justified a refusal to grant the patent. (iii) Exceptions Each Party may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent, such as for acts done for experimental purposes, provided that the exceptions do not significantly prejudice the economic interests of the right-holder, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties. (iv) Term of Protection
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