115 STAT. 1040 PUBLIC LAW 107-107—DEC. 28, 2001 (A) is designed to provide for comprehensive testing of ballistic missile defense programs during early stages of development; and (B) includes necessary funding to support and improve test infrastructure and provide adequate test assets for the testing of such programs. (2) The Secretary shall ensure that ballistic missile defense programs incorporate, to the greatest possible extent, operationally realistic test configurations (referred to as "test bed" configurations) to demonstrate system performance across a broad range of capability and, during final stages of operational testing, to demonstrate reliable performance. (3) The Secretary shall ensure that the test infrastructure for ballistic missile defense programs is capable of supporting continued testing of ballistic missile defense systems after deploy- ment. (b) REQUIREMENTS FOR EARLY STAGES OF SYSTEM DEVELOP- MENT. — In order to demonstrate acceptable risk and developmental stability, the Secretary of Defense shall ensure that any ballistic missile defense program incorporates, to the maximum extent practicable, the following elements during the early stages of system development: (1) Pursuit of parallel conceptual approaches and technological paths for all critical problematic components until effective and reliable solutions can be demonstrated. (2) Comprehensive ground testing in conjunction with flight-testing for key elements of the proposed system that are considered to present high risk, with such ground testing to make use of existing facilities and combinations of facilities that support testing at the highest possible levels of integration. (3) Where appropriate, expenditures to enhance the capabilities of existing test facilities, or to construct new test facilities, to support alternative complementary test methodologies. (4) Sufficient funding of test instrumentation to ensure accurate measurement of all critical test events. (5) Incorporation into the program of sufficient schedule flexibility and expendable test assets, including missile interceptors and targets, to ensure that failed or aborted tests can be repeated in a prudent, but expeditious manner. (6) Incorporation into flight-test planning for the program, where possible, of— (A) methods that make the most cost-effective use of test opportunities; (B) events to demonstrate engagement of multiple targets, "shoot-look-shoot", and other planned operational concepts; and (C) exploitation of opportunities to facilitate early development and demonstration of "family of systems" concepts. (c) SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUND-BASED MID-COURSE INTERCEPTOR SYSTEMS.— For ground-based mid-course interceptor systems, the Secretary of Defense shall initiate steps during fiscal year 2002 to establish a flight-test capability of launching not less than three missile defense interceptors and not less than two ballistic missile targets to provide a realistic test infrastructure.
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