PUBLIC LAW 94-73—AUG. 6, 1975 opportunities afforded them, resulting in high illiteracy and low voting participation. The Congress declares that, in order to enforce the guarantees of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, it is necessary to eliminate such discrimination by prohibiting these practices, and by prescribing other remedial devices. " (b) P r i o r to August 6, 1985, no State or political subdivision shall provide registration or voting notices, forms, instructions, assistance, or other materials or information relating to the electoral process, including ballots, only in the English language if the Director of the Census determines (i) that more than 5 percent of the citizens of voting age of such State or political subdivision are members of a single language minority and (ii) that the illiteracy rate of such persons as a group is higher than the national illiteracy r a t e: Provided, That the prohibitions of this subsection shall not apply in any political subdivision which has less than five percent voting age citizens of each language minority which comprises over five percent of the statewide population of voting age citizens. For purposes of this subsection, illiteracy means the failure to complete the fifth primary grade. Thy determinations of the Director of the Census under this subsection shall be effective upon publication in the Federal Register and shall not be subject to review in any court. " (c) Whenever any State or political subdivision subject to the prohibition of subsection (b) of this section provides any registration or voting notices, forms, instructions, assistance, or other materials or information relating to the electoral process, including ballots, it shall provide them in the language of the applicable minority group as well as in the English l a n g u a g e: Provided, That where the language of the applicable minority g r o u p is oral or unwritten or in the case of Alaskan natives, if the predominant language is historically unwritten, the State or political subdivision is only required to furnish oral instructions, assistance, or other information relating to registration and voting. " (d) Any State or political subdivision subject to the prohibition of subsection (b) of this section, which seeks to provide English-only registration or voting materials or information, including ballots, may file an action against the United States in the United States District Court for a declaratory judgment permitting such provision. The court shall g r a n t the requested relief if it determines that the illiteracy rate of the applicable language minority group within the State or political subdivision is equal to or less than the national illiteracy rate. " (e) For purposes of this section, the term 'language minorities' or 'language minority g r o u p ' means persons who are American Indian, Asian American, Alaskan Natives, or of Spanish heritage." SEC. 302. Sections 203, 204, and 205 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, are redesignated as 204, 205, and 206, respectively. SEC. 303. Section 203 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as redesignated section 204 by section 302 of this Act, is amended by inserting immediately after "in violation of section 202," the following: "or 203,". SEC. 304. Section 204 of the Voting R i g h t s Act of 1965, as redesignated section 205 by section 302 of this Act, is amended by striking out "or 202" and inserting in lieu thereof ", 202, or 203".
89 STAT. 403
u s e prec. title 1.
"Illiteracy." Publication in Federal Register.
minorities," minonty groups. 42 USC 1973aa-2, 1973aa-3, 1973aa-4. 42 USC 1973aa-2. 42 USC 1973aa-3.
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