97 STAT. 548 PUBLIC LAW 98-89 —AUG. 26, 1983 Civil penalty. Ante, p. 509. Civil penalty. Civil penalty. Civil penalty. Employment of aliens. (f) The owner, charterer, or managing operator of a vessel not manned as required by this section is liable to the Government for a civil penalty of $100, or, for a deficiency of a licensed individual, a penalty of $500. (g) A person may not employ an individual as, and an individual may not serve as, a master, mate, engineer, radio officer, or pilot of a vessel to which this part or part B of this subtitle applies if the individual is not licensed by the Secretary. A person (including an individual) violating this subsection is liable to the Government for a civil penalty of not more than $500. Each day of a continuing violation is a separate offense. (h) The owner, charterer, or managing operator of a freight vessel of less than 100 gross tons, a small passenger vessel, or a sailing school vessel not manned as required by this section is liable to the Government for a civil penalty of $1,000. The vessel also is liable in rem for the penalty. § 8102. Watchmen The owner, charterer, or managing operator of a vessel carrying passengers during the nighttime shall keep a suitable number of watchmen in the vicinity of the cabins or staterooms and on each deck to guard against and give alarm in case of a fire or other danger. An owner, charterer, or managing operator failing to pro- vide watchmen required by this section is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of $1,000. § 8103. Citizenship and Naval Reserve requirements (a) Only a citizen of the United States may serve as master, chief engineer, or officer in charge of a deck watch or engineering watch on a documented vessel. (b) On each departure of a documented vessel (except a fishing or whaling vessel or yacht) from a port of the United States, 75 percent of the seamen (excluding licensed individuals) must be citizens of the United States. If the Secretary decides, on investigation, that quali- fied citizen seamen are not available, the Secretary may reduce the percentage. (c) On each departure from the United States of a vessel (except a passenger vessel) for which a construction or operating differential subsidy has been granted, all of the seamen of the vessel must be citizens of the United States. (d)(1) On each departure from the United States of a passenger vessel for which a construction or operating differential subsidy has been granted, at least 90 percent of the entire complement (includ- ing licensed individuals) must be citizens of the United States. (2) An individual not required by this subsection to be a citizen of the United States may he engaged only if the individual has a declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States or other evidence of admission to the United States for permanent residence. An alien may be employed only in the steward's depart- ment of the passenger vessel. (e) If a documented vessel is deprived for any reason of the services of an individual (except the master) when on a foreign voyage and a vacancy consequently oa;urs, until the vessel's first return to a United States port at which a replacement who is a citizen of the United States can be obtained, an individual not a citizen of the United States may serve in— (1) the vacancy; or
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