A HISTORY OF KENT Kenardington Keston (3^ m. S.E. of Bromley) Kingsnorth (3 m. S. Ashford) . Knox Bridge, see Frittenden Lamberhurst (partly in Sussex) Leeds (5 m. S.E. Maidstone) . . Leigh (3 m. W. Tonbridge) Lesnes, see Erith. Leybourne {^i m. N.W. Maidstone) Littlebourne (4 m. E. Canterbury) Loose (3 m. S. Maidstone) . Luddesdown (i^ m. S. Cobham) Lympne (3 m. W. Hythe) . Maidstone Marden (5 m. N.E. Goudhurst) Mersham (4 m. S.E. Ashford) . Milton (by Sittingbourne) . Minster (5 m.W. Ramsgate) Nackington (3 m. S. Canterbury) Nettlestead (6 m. S.W. Maidstone) Newenden (sJ m. S.W. Tenterden) Newington (3 m. E. Sittingbourne) Oldbury, see Ightham Ospringe (i m. W. Faversham) Pluckley (3 m. S.W. Charing) . Postling (3 m. N.W. Hythe) . Poulton (3i m. W. Dover) . Queenborough (2 m. S. Sheernes;) Reculver (3 m. E. Heme Bay) . Richborough, see Ash Ringwould (4 m. S. Deal) . Ripple (3 m. S.W. Deal) . . Rochester Rolvenden (2^ m. S.W. Tenterden) B B F G G F E X B H C H F F F G G F X X D F C C X C X C E F Saltwood (by Hythe) E Sandgate (by Folkestone) .... X Sandwich C Selling (s m. S.E. Faversham) . . . B D Sevington (zj m. S.E. Ashford) . . F Sheppey Castle, see Queenborough Shipborne (4 m. N. Tonbridge) . . F Sibertswold (i m. N. Coldred) . . . C Sissinghurst, see Cranbrook Sittingbourne G Speldhurst (3 m. N.W. Tunbridge WeUs) F Stanford (3 m. N.W. Hythe) ... G Staplehurst (4 m. N.E. Cranbrook) . F Stockbury (4 m. S.W. Sittingbourne) . E Sutton Valence (4! m. S.E. Maidstone) F Sutton-at-Hone (3 m. S. Dartford) . G Sutton (i m. S.W. Ripple) .... X Swanscombe (3J m. W. Gravesend) B (2) D Teynham (5 m. E. Sittingbourne) . . B Thanington (2 m. S.W. Canterbury) . F Thornham (4 m. N.E. Maidstone) . E (2) Tonbridge E Tonge (2 m. E. Sittingbourne) . G Walmer (by Deal G X Westenhanger, see Stanford Westerham B WestweU (3 m. S.E. Charing) . . . F West Wickham (i m. S.W. Hayes) . . B Wittersham (sJ m. S.E. Tenterden) . F Woodnesborough (2 m. S.W. Sandwich) F (2) Wouldham (3 J m. S.W. Rochester) . D Wrotham (11 m. N.W.Maidstone) . F Yalding (sJm. S.W.Maidstone) . . F
Appendix I
The deneholes of Kent
In the counties of Kent, Essex and Durham certain ancient artificial caverns have received the traditional name of deneholes, daneholes or danesholes from the dwellers in those districts in which they are found. The eminent philologist. Dr. J. A. H. Murray, is of opinion that this name implies that these caverns were made either by the Danes, or by people fleeing from the Danes, the word deneholes being simply an earlier form of danehole. They are doubtless associated with the Danes, because they were the latest and best remembered of pirates.
Caverns known by this name in Kent, Essex and Durham are usually found within some six or seven miles from the sea or of some stream capable of giving passage to the small ships used by the Danes and by the earlier Saxon and other pirates. Thus, in Durham, they are noted by Mr. W. H. D. Longstaffe as abounding in the neighbourhood of Embleton, six or seven miles west of Hartlepool, and in the southern counties they may best be seen about Bexley in Kent, and between Purfleet and Stanford-le-Hope in Essex. In Durham they are described as 'excavations in the sides of eminences'; in Kent and Essex they appear to be entered invariably by means of vertical shafts.[1]
From the fact that the chalk is the only hard rock existing in Essex and Kent where deneholes abound, deneholes ending in chalk have naturally been more or less preserved, while
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- ↑ For the Durham deneholes, see Mr. Longstaffe's paper on 'Durham before the Conquest,' read at the Newcastle meeting of the Archæological Institute in 1852.
