Chesapeake were three Negro sailors whom the
British claimed but whom the Americans declared
were American citizens,—Ware, Martin and
Strachen. As Bryant says: “The citizenship of
Negroes was sought and defended by England and
America at this time but a little later it was
denied by the United States Supreme Court that
Negroes could be citizens.” On demand two of
these Negroes were returned to America by the
British government; the other one died in England.
Negroes fought under Perry and Macdonough. On the high seas Negroes were fighting. Nathaniel Shaler, captain of a privateer, wrote to his agent in New York in 1813:
“Before I could get our light sails on and almost before I could turn around, I was under the guns, not of a transport but of a large frigate! And not more than a quarter of a mile from her. . . . . Her first broadside killed two men and wounded six others. . . . .My officers conducted themselves in a way that would have done honor to a more permanent service.The name of one of my poor fellows who was killed ought to be registered in the book of fame, and remembered with reverence as long as bravery is considered a virtue. He was a black man by the name of John Johnson. . . . .When America
