assistance in the organization of the Provisional Provincial Assembly of which he was subsequently elected a member. In April 1913 the First Parliament was inaugurated in Peking and Mr. Chang attended as a Senator from Shantung Province. He was a member of the Kuomingtang (People's Party) and was later elected chairman of the Industrial Committee of the Senate. In that capacity he rendered valuable service in the adoption of phonetic simplification of the language and promotion of industrial education. Having prescribed the Kuomingtang as a seditious organization, the President Yuan Shih-kai unseated all members of the two Houses belonging to that Party in November 1913. Mr. Chang immediately retired to his native village and remained silent until October 1915 when Yuan Shih-kai launched his monarchical movement. Mr. Chang took an important part in the rebellion of the Republican troops at Choutsun and Weihsien, Shantung, against Yuan Shih-kai in May 1916. This movement had a strong effect on the decision subsequently taken by Yuan to revoke his scheme. During these trying times, Mr. Chang acted as the representative of the Shantung troops at the headquarters of the Republican Army in Shanghai. In August 1916 when Parliament was reconvened by the new President Li Yuan-hung, Mr. Chang again became a Senator. In June 1917 the Parliament was for the second time dissolved, and Mr. Chang had to return home again, having declined offers of high positions by the militarists then ruling Peking. In October 1918 when Hsu Shih-chang became President of China. Mr. Chang's attitude finally led to his being suspected of sympathy with the Southern Constitutionists. He finally accepted an invitation of the Constitutional Parliament and went to Canton. Upon his arrival at Canton, he was appointed Councillor of the Military government. At the same time he was invited by the parliamentarians to become Chief Secretary of the Two Houses. In June 1922 Mr. Chang returned to Peking with the old Parliament. Mr. Chang was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration in October 1922.
