A.H. 12
Battle of Firāḍ. Persians, Greeks, and Bedawīn defeated, xi 12 A.H. Jan. 634 A.D.Following up his Bedawi foes, Khālid at last reached Al-Firāḍ on the Syrian border, and by the river rested his army during the fast of Ramaḍān and for some weeks after. But the Byzantine garrison on the frontier, uneasy at the prolonged encampment and threatening attitude of Khālid, and making common cause with the Persian outposts and neighbouring loyal tribes, advanced in imposing force to chase the invader away. They challenged Khālid to cross the river; but the wary General bade them rather come over to the eastern bank. A long and severe conflict ensued. The Muslims were victorious; the cavalry pursued the fugitives, and the carnage must have been great, for tradition places it at the fabulous number of a hundred thousand.
Khālid's incognito pilgrimage, xii 12 A.H. Feb. 634 A.D.For the moment opposition was crushed, and no enemy anywhere in sight. The season for the Meccan pilgrimage being now at hand, Khālid formed the singular resolve of performing it incognito—unknown even to his royal Master. So, having recruited his army for ten days on the well-fought field, he gave orders to march slowly and by easy stages back to Al-Ḥīra. Then, making as though he remained behind, he set out secretly with a small escort on the pious errand. Without a guide, he traversed the devious desert route with marvellous sagacity and speed. Having accomplished the rites of Pilgrimage, he retraced his steps from Mecca with like despatch, and re-entered Al-Ḥīra in early spring, just as the rear-guard was marching in. So well had he kept his secret, that the army thought he had been all the while at Al-Firāḍ, and now was journeying slowly back. Even Abu Bekr, who himself presided at the pilgrimage, was unaware of the presence of his great general. When, after some time, the secret visit came to his knowledge, he was much displeased. But the action which he took in consequence belongs to the succeeding year.
tribe, and the son she bore him, hence called Ibn al-Ḥanefīya (the son of the Ḥanefite woman), whose descendants being thus of the stock of ʿAlī, had a political rôle of which we shall hear hereafter. He is said also to have married in this year a granddaughter of the Prophet, Umāma, the child of Zeinab, and niece of his deceased wife Fāṭima.
