332 BRE BRE
- o fine as to contain no part of the
husks of the grain. But the de- lusion, by which so many persons are misled, to think that even the whole Hour is not good enough for them, obliges them to pay a se- venth or eighth part more than they need, to gratify a fanciful appetite. Had it not been for the custom of eating whiter bread than the whole of the flour will make, the miller and baker would not have employ- ed! all their art to render the bread as white as possible, and make the consumer pay for this artificial whiteness. New Substitutes for Flour or Bread. We have, in the pre- ceding analysis, as well as on for- mer occasions, mentioned various substances which might advanta- geously be employed in the manu- facture of this indispensable article of human sustenance ; indepen- dently of the different kinds of grain and roots that are already made subservient to this beneficial purpose. In order to exhibit a dis- tinct view of the most promising substitutes, whether indigenous or exotic, and especially such as have actually been used, on the authori- ty of creditable evidence, we shall here divide them into three classes, and, in the course of the work, give a more particular, account of each article, in its alphabetical order. I. Farinaceous Seeds : — Wheat- grass, or Triticum Spelt a ; Millet, or Panicum miiiaceum; Common B tick- wheat, or Polygon u m fagopy- Ttem ; Siberian Buck-wheat, or Po- tion taiaricum ; Wild Buck- wheat, or Polygonum convolvulus; Wild Fescue-grass, or Festucajkd- tc/ns ; Maize, or Indian Corn, the Mays Zi a ; Rice, or Oryza satira ; Guinea Corn, or White Round- seeded Indian Millet; the Holcns Sorghum, 1 j.; Canary-grass, otPha- laris canariensis ; Rough Dog's-tail Crass, or Cynosurus echinatus ; Water Zizany, or Zizania aqua- tica ; Upright Sea Lime-grass, or Ely mus artnarhis; Sea-reed, Mar- ram, Helme, or Sea Mat-weed, the CalamagrostiS) or Arunda armaria. The following mealy fruits, how- ever, deserve a decided preference over many of the preceding : viz. W . er Caltrops, or the fruit of the Trapa natans, L. ; Pulse of various kinds, such as Peas, Lentils, Beans, and the seeds of die Common Vetch, Fetch, or Tare-acorns, and especially those of the Quercus cerris and escuhts ; the seeds of the White Goose-foot, Common Wiici Orage, or the Ckenopodxitm album, ; the seed^ and flowers of the Rocket, or Brassica crura ; the seeds of the Sorrel, or Ru?nex acetosa; of the different species of Dock, or La- pathum ; of the Yellow and White Water-lily, or the Nymphaea lutea and alba ; of the Corn-spurrey, or Spergula urvensis; of the Spinage, or Spinacia oleracea, L. ; of the Common Gromwell, or Graymili, the Lit h os perm um officinale; of the Knot-grass, or Paniculum avicu- lare ; the Beech-nut (see p. 233) ; die husks of the Lint-seed, Sec. II. Farinaceous- Roots : namely, those of the Common and Yellow Bedilem Star, or Ornithogalum lu- teuvi and umlellatum j of die Yel- low Asphodel (see p. 130) ; of the Wake Robin, or Arum muculatum (after being properly dried and washed) j of the Pilewort, or Lesser Celandine, the Ranunculus Jicaria; of the Common Dropwort, the Spi- rcea JUipendula ; of the Meadow- sweet, or Spiraea ulmaria ; of the White Bryonv, or Bryonia alia j of the Turnip-rooted Cabbage, or Napobrassica j of the Great Bistort, or
