G U A c un counties » madhme is- employ* this purpose, which considt r foc9iUrt.es the laboo* and li- the expence of removing the roofs: It consists of an iron boo' . about two feet and a half long, with a forge iron ring affixed to its bah The ground about the root l cleared away, and the straggling horizontal roots cut off, the point • ! ook is fastened to some part of the stump ; and a long lever of ■ 'th placed through the ring. Tins arranged, two at ' " rxtu-inUy of the lexer
- ! in every direction, till the
root is torn out, twisting off* the tSp-foots at some di !. This method appears ' effeftual in stubbing up the :■ of v.nderwood ; hut,, when those of Very terge frees a«e to he ex- tracted, it will be advisable previ- ous! v in cleave them with wedges into several parts, and then to take i up separately, — § B*RK-E-MAC»f«r« : vol. i. p. 15?,. Gl . M;&p Lignum vital) inns of plants producing '.'principal of which is the rjfi-iualf, or Common Lig- num Vfaae, a native of the West i. — It may, in colder clim be propagated by seeds sown in •d into a hot-bed, but
- i tivated in this coun-
try. wood of this species is of utility in the mechanical arts, - dicine ; being o heavy as fsed in water. • '. in th ■ esl .vh( els and boj id is also frequently . and ■ Th' un, and bark, are ail ct! ■ medicine, though the two first are chiefly used tfl Euro] ( - itrn Guaiaeum is of a friable; nature, of a deep greenish colour, but sometimes of a reddish b and has a pungent acrid taste.— There is another spontaneous ex- udation obtained from the bark of this tree, which is called votive gum : it is imported in small irre- gular, semi-pellucid pieces > and is much purer than that extracted by incision. The general virtues of Guaiaeum are those of a warm aromatic me- dicine : it strengthens the stomach and other viscera, and greatly pro- motes the discharges of urine and perspiration. Hence it is of e dial service in cutaneous eruptions, and disorders arising from obstruc- tions of the excretory glands : — rheumatic and other pains, unat- tended with fever, the liberal use of gum guaiaeum has often afforded considerable relief, it is likewise a good laxative, and furnishes a more active medicine than either the wood or bark of" this tree. Gum Guaiaeum, when dissolved in rum. or combined with water, by means of mucilage or the yolk of an egg, or in the form of a tinc- ture or elixir, has been found use- ful in chronic rheumatism, or even in such wandering pains of the stomach or other parts of the body, as could be attributed to the retro- cedent gout ; in which cases a small table-spoonful of the emul- sion may be taken three or four times a day. GUDGEON, in Ichthyologj . ia a species ol the Bar bus, or Bar* BEL j which see. It inhabits most running waters, small streams, such - the rivet Lea, and is found in I abundance in the New River, near London. Though small, this
