designed by Mr. G. L. Watson, was a single-skin craft. She was built in 1879 and created a great sensation when she came to this country and beat all our skimming-dishes. In 1890 she was almost ready to fall to pieces, and her rickety frame had to be strengthened with iron knees and fitted with new topsides. In 1894 she was condemned as unseaworthy and fit only for the junkman.
On the other hand we have the cutter Oriva, designed by John Harvey and launched in 1881. She is of the double-skin construction, lighter in proportion to her size than Madge, and to-day she is as strong and stanch as she was when she was launched.
If the prospective builder decides to use wood as the material for his boat, he will find that American elm is the best material for the keel and the garboard strakes. When entirely submerged, elm will last for half a century or more, but is especially liable to decay between wind and water.
White oak should be used for the stem, sternpost, knightheads, apron, deadwoods and futtocks The timbers should be of oak or hackmatack, and the planking of yellow pine. This material, if well seasoned and properly put together, should insure a sound boat. Yellow-metal fastenings should be used below the water-line, if the expense is not too much for the owner's purse. If that should prove the case, galvanized
