1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calendar

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1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 4 Calendar

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CALENDAR, so called from the Roman Calends or Kalends, a method of distributing time into certain periods adapted to the purposes of civil life, as hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc.

Sections

• Civil Calendar
• Ecclesiastical Calendar
  • Epacts
  • Easter
• Hebrew Calendar
• Mahommedan Calendar

TABLE XII.—Epochs, Eras, and Periods.

Name. Christian Date of Commencement. Grecian Mundane era 1 Sep. 5598 B.C. Civil era of Constantinople 1 Sep. 5508   "    Alexandrian era 29 Aug. 5502   "    Ecclesiastical era of Antioch 1 Sep. 5492   "    Julian Period 1 Jan. 4713   "    Mundane era Oct. 4008   "    Jewish Mundane era Oct. 3761   "    Era of Abraham 1 Oct. 2015   "    Era of the Olympiads 1 July 776   "    Roman era 24 April 753   "    Era of Nabonassar 26 Feb. 747   "    Metonic Cycle 15 July 432   "    Grecian or Syro-Macedonian era 1 Sep. 312   "    Tyrian era 19 Oct. 125   "

Name. Christian Date of Commencement. Sidonian era Oct. 110 B.C. Caesarean era of Antioch 1 Sep. 48   "    Julian year 1 Jan. 45   "    Spanish era 1 Jan. 38   "    Actian era 1 Jan. 30   "    Augustan era 14 Feb. 27   "    Vulgar Christian era 1 Jan. 1 A.D. Destruction of Jerusalem 1 Sep. 69   "    Era of Maccabees 24 Nov. 166   "    Era of Diocletian 17 Sep. 284   "    Era of Ascension 12 Nov. 295   "    Era of the Armenians 7 July 552   "    Mahommedan era of the Hegira 16 July 622   "    Persian era of Yezdegird 16 June 632   "

For the Revolutionary Calendar see French Revolution ad fin.

The principal works on the calendar are the following:—

• Clavius, Romani Calendarii a Gregorio XIII. P.M. restituti Explicatio (Rome, 1603).
• L'Art de vérifier les dates.
• Lalande, Astronomie tome ii.
• Traité de la sphère et du calendrier, par M. Revard (Paris, 1816).
• Delambre, Traité de l'astronomie théorique et pratique, tome iii.
• Histoire de l'astronomie moderne; Methodus technica brevis, perfacilis, ac perpetua construendi Calendarium Ecclesiasticum, Stylo tam novo quam vetere, pro cunctis Christianis Europae populis, &c., auctore Paulo Tittel (Gottingen, 1816).
• Formole analitiche pel calcolo delta Pasgua, e correzione di quello di Gauss, con critiche osservazioni sù quanta ha scritto del calendario il Delambri, di Lodovico Ciccolini (Rome, 1817).
• E.H. Lindo, Jewish Calendar for Sixty-four Years (1838).
• W.S.B. Woolhouse, Measures, Weights, and Moneys of all Nations (1869).

(T. G.; W. S. B. W.)