Earth-Hunger and Other Essays

by William Graham Sumner

William Graham Sumner
[1902]

EARTH-HUNGER
AND
OTHER ESSAYS

BY
WILLIAM GRAHAM SUMNER

EDITED BY
ALBERT GALLOWAY KELLER

NEW HAVEN: YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
MDCCCCXIV

PREFATORY NOTE

ALL rights on the essays in this work are reserved by the holders of the copyright. The publishers named in the subjoined list are the proprietors, either in their own right, or as agents for the author of the Essays of which the titles are given below, and of which the ownership is thus specifically noted. The Yale University Press makes grateful acknowledgment to the Publishers whose names appear below for their courteous permission to include in the present work the Essays of which they were the original publishers.

Yale University Press

The Cosmopolitan: "First Steps toward a Millennium." The Independent: "Is Liberty a Lost Blessing?" "Who is Free? Is it the Savage?" "Who is Free? Is it the Civilized Man?" "Who is Free? Is it the Millionaire?" "Who is Free? Is it the Tramp?" "Liberty and Responsibility," "Liberty and Law," "Liberty and Discipline," "Liberty and Property," "Liberty and Opportunity," "Liberty and Labor," "Does Labor Brutalize?" "Liberty and Machinery," "The Disappointment of Liberty," "Some Points in the New Social Creed," "An Examination of a Noble Sentiment," "The Banquet of Life," "Some Natural Rights," "The Abolition of Poverty," "The Boon of Nature," "Land Monopoly," "A Group of Natural Monopolies," "Another Chapter on Monopoly," "The Family Monopoly," "The Family and Property,"

"The State and Monopoly," "Democracy and Plutocracy," "Definitions of Democracy and Plutocracy," "Conflict of Democracy and Plutocracy," "Democracy and Modern Problems," "Separation of State and Market," "Social War in Democracy." Messrs. D. Appleton & Company: "What is Civil Liberty?" Messrs. Chas. Scribner's Sons: Combined with "Books and Reading for the Young," by J. H. Smart. "What Our Boys Are Reading." The North American Review: "Sociological Fallacies."

CONTENTS
PAGE
Preface	v
Autobiography [1903]	3
The Teacher's Unconscious Success	9
The Scientific Attitude of Mind	17
Earth Hunger	31
Purposes and Consequences	67
Rights	79
Equality	87
First Steps Toward a Millennium [1888]	93
LIBERTY [1887–1889]
What Is Civil Liberty?	109
Is Liberty a Lost Blessing?	131
Who Is Free? Is It the Savage?	136
Who Is Free? Is It the Civilized Man?	140
Who Is Free? Is It the Millionaire?	145
Who Is Free? Is It the Tramp?	150
Liberty and Responsibility	156
Liberty and Law	161
Liberty and Discipline	166
Liberty and Property	171
Liberty and Opportunity	176
Liberty and Labor	181
Does Labor Brutalize?	187
Liberty and Machinery	193
The Disappointment of Liberty	198
FANTASIES AND FACTS
Some Points in the New Social Creed	207
An Examination of a Noble Sentiment	212
The Banquet of Life	217
Some Natural Rights	222
The Abolition of Poverty	228
The Boon of Nature	233
Land Monopoly	239
A Group of Natural Monopolies	245
Another Chapter on Monopoly	249
The Family Monopoly	254
The Family and Property	259
The State and Monopoly	270
DEMOCRACY
Democracy and Plutocracy	283
Definitions of Democracy and Plutocracy	290
Conflict of Plutocracy and Democracy	296
Democracy and Modern Problems	301
Separation of State and Market	306
Social War in Democracy	312
Economics and Politics	318
The Power and Beneficence of Capital [1899]	337
Sociological Fallacies [1884]	357
What Our Boys are Reading [1880]	367