quon, and on my left from that stream to North Mountain,
while Fitz Lee's cavalry watched the right, having small
pickets across to the Shenandoah. Four principal roads, from
positions held by the enemy, centered at Stephenson's depot, to
wit: the Martinsburg road, the road from Charlestown via
Smithfield, the road from the same place via Summit Point,
and the road from Berryville via Jordan's Springs. Sheridan's
main force was near Berryville, at the entrenched position
which has been mentioned, while Averill was at Martinsburg
with a division of cavalry. Berryville is ten miles from Winchester, nearly east, and Martinsburg twenty two miles nearly
north. The crossing of the Ojjequon on the Berryville road
is four or five miles from Winchester. From Berryville
there are two good roads to Front Royal, via Millwood and
White Post, and from Millwood there is a macadamized road to
Winchester, and also good roads via White Post to the Valley
Pike at Newtown and Middletown,the last two roads running
east of the Opequon. The whole country is very open, being
a limestone country which is thickly settled and well cleared,
and affords great facilities for the movement of troop? and the
operations of cavalry. From the enemy's fortifications on
Maryland Heights, the country north and east of Winchester,
and the main roads through it, are exposed to view.
The relative positions which we occupied rendered my communications to the rear very much exposed, but I could not avoid it without giving up the lower Valley. The object of my presence there was to keep up a threatening attitude towards Maryland and Pennsylvania, and prevent the use of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, as well as to keep as large a force as possible from Grant's army to defend the Federal Capital. Had Sheridan, by a prompt movement, thrown his whole force on the line of my communications, I would have been compelled to attempt to cut my way through, as there, was no escape for me to the right or left, and my force was too weak to cross the Potomac while he was in my rear. I knew my danger, but I could occupy no other position that would have enabled
