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honorary degrees : Oxford, England, D. C. L. (1894), and LL. D. from Cambridge. England (181*4), Har- vard (1895). and Yale (1897). Ciipt. Mahan's naval writings include: In Scribner's " Cam- paigns of the Civil War"— "Gulf and In- land VV'atei-s" (New York, 1883) ; " Influ- ence of Sea Power upon History" (Bos- ton, 1890); "Influence of Sea Power upon the French Kevolution and Empire" (1892); "Admiral Farragut" (" Great Commanders " series, New York, 1892); "Life of Nel- son" (Boston, 1897); " Interest of America in Sea Power," a series

of collected essays

(1897) ; and a new and revised edition of his ad- mirable "Life of Nelson " (London, 1899).

MALLET-PREVOST, Severo, lawyer, b. in Zacatecas, Mexico, 8 Oct., 1860. His father had served as assistant surgeon in the U. S. army dur- ing the Mexican war, 31 Dec, 1845, to 7 June, 1848, and after resigning from the army had taken up his residence at Zacatecas. The son entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1877, and was graduated in 1881 with the degree of B. S. Dur- ing 1881 and 1883 he was engaged as civil engi- neer on the Mexican national railway at Zacate- cas, and as superintendent of the mines of the Illinois syndicate in the state of Zacatecas. He then took up the study of law, began to practise his profession in 1885, and became well known as a member of the bar of New York city, whither he had removed. When President Cleveland a|)point- ed the Venezuela boundary commission he served as .secretary to the commission, and he was engaged as one of the attorneys for Venezuela before the board of arbitration between that country and Great Britain that met in Paris in the summer of 1899. He addressed the commission in August.

MALLORY, Stephen Russell, senator, b. in Key West, Fla., 3 Nov., 1848, is the son of Stephen Russell Mallory {q. v.). The son entered the Con- federate navy in Virginia in the autumn of 1864, and received his appointment as midshipman in the following spring. In November of that year he entered Georgetown college in the District of Columbia, where he was graduated in June, 1869. For the next three years he was engaged in teach- ing at the college. In 1873 he was admitted to the practice of law at New Orleans by the supreme court of Louisiana. Removing to Pensacola in 1874, lie was elected to the state house of repre- sentatives in 1876, and to the state senate in 1880, and again in 1884. He was sent to the national house of representatives, as a Democrat, from the 1st district of Florida, 1891-4. The state legis- lature elected him, in Jainiary, 1897, senator for the term ending in March, 1903.

MANSFIELD, Richard, actor, b. in the island of Heligoland, 34 May, 1857. and was educated at the University of Jena. He was prepared for the East India civil service, but came to this country and opened a studio in Boston. Heturn- ing to England he studied art. but later chose the theatrical profession, playing minor parts. Com- itig again to the United States, Mansfield appeared in New York, and has continied since to be suc- cessful in a wide repertoire. He has for some years been the head of his own company, creating such popular parts as Beau Brummel, liaron Che- vrial, Dick Dudgeon, and Prince Karl, also the titu- lar TO?e« in " Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde." He acquired the rights for this country of a new play entitled " Jeffreys," written by Emil Moreau, one of the authors of " Mine. Sans- Gene." In 1899 he appeared in " Cy- rano de Bergerac." In October of the same year appeared from the press of the Appletons " The Mansfield Calendar for 1900." He is the author of the plays " Beau Brunnnel " and " Don Juan," also of a short fairy story entitled " Blown Away "

(Boston, 1897).

MANSON, Otis Frederick, physician, b. in Richmond, Va., 10 Oct., 1822 ; d. there. 25 Jan., 1888. He was gradu- ated at the Medical college of Virginia in 1840, settled in Granville county, N. C, and did good service as a physician in the small-pox epidemic in Jlecklenburg county, Va., in 1842. No vaccine virus being attainable, he treated his patients with success by inoculation. He was commis- sioned surgeon in the Confederate army in 1862 and put in charge of a hospital in Richmond, and subsequently till the close of the war he was medical agent, with the rank of major, in North Carolina. He settled in Richmond, and was pro- fessor of pathology and physiology in the Medical college of Virginia in 1869-'82, becoming professor emeritus in 1883. He was a member of the board of medical examiners for the state of Virginia for many years, and president of the Richmond city council. He contributed many papers to medical literature, including his original treatment of re- mittent puei-peral fever (Richmond, 1855). Dr. Manson's later publications are "A Treatise on the Physiological and Therapeutic Action of the Sulphate of Quinine" (Philadelphia, 1883) and a "Treatise on Slalarial Ila-morrhage " (1882).

MANTLE. Lee, senator, b. in Birmingham, England, 13 Dec, 1851. His father died while he was quite young; in 1863 he came with his mother to the United States, settling first in Utah, later in Idaho, and in 1872 in Montana. Until he was six- teen years old he worked on a farm ; he then learned telegraphy and found emphiyment under the Western union telegraph company. He re- moved to Butte City, Mont., entering the employ of the Wells-Fargo express company, and in 1881 orgauiziflg the "Inter-Mountain" newspaper. In public service he has been alderman and mayor of Butte, has been a state representative for three terms, serving one term as speaker; was president of the Mineral land association of Montana, and delegate to the national Republican convention of 1884. In March, 1892, he was appointed by the governor to fill the vacancy in the state's repre- sentation in tlie national senate caused by the failure of the legislature to elect a .senator. The senate, however, refused to allow him to take his seat, on the ground that the governor could not