legally make an appointment in such a case. In January, 1895, he was elected by the legislature to fill the vacancy for the terra ending 3 March, 1899.
MARCOU, Jules, geologist, b. in Salins, Jura, France (20 April, 1824; d. in Cambridge. Mass., 17 April, 1898. He studied at the College of Besançon, and at St. Louis college in Paris. A fondness for natural science was developed in Switzerland, where he travelled for his health, and where he became acquainted with Jules Thurniann. He was associated with the latter in his work on the Jura mountains, and it was while engaged in this that he first met Louis Agassiz. He was sent to America as travelling scientist for the Jardin des Plantes, accompanying Agassiz on his trip to the Lake Superior region in 1848. This gave him opportunity to make a fine collection of minerals, which he forwarded to Paris the year following. Later he gave his attention to the geology of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Mammoth Cave. He made a short visit to Europe in 1850, and then returned to America and published his geological map of this country and the British North American possessions (2 vols., Boston, 1853). He entered the geological service of the United States and was the first geologist to cross the country, which he did in making a section map of the 35th parallel from the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean. Ill health compelled him to make a trip to Europe in 1855; he then, until 1859, held a professorship in the Polytechnic school at Zurich. He returned to the United States in 1861, and was associated with Agassiz in founding at Cambridge the Museum of comparative zoology, in which he bail charge of the paheontological division. From 1864 to 1875 he devoted himself to scientific research, and became a strong supporter of the Taconic system of New York, publishing many papers on the subject. In 1875 he became connected again with the national service, and remained with it until a few years before his death. In 1867 he was decorated with the cross of the Legion of honor. Besides his "Geological Map," he published "De la Science en France" (Paris, 1869): "Geology of North America" (Zurich, 1884); many patiers read before scientific societies in America and abroad; and, in connection with John Belknap Marcou, "Mapoteca Geologica Americana : A Catalogue of Geological Maps of America. 1752-1881" (Washington. 1884).
MARKELL, Charles Frederick, author, b. in Frederick, Md.. 16 Oct., 1855. He received a classical education, and graduating, with the first honor from the law department of Columbian university in June, 1870, was admitted to practice in the supreme court of the District of Columbia. He visited Europe in 1877, and shortly after began the practice of his profession in his native town, at the same time owning and conducting a daily Republican newspaper. He represented Frederick in the Maryland house of delegates in 1884-'5 and 1890-'7. attaining reputation as a speaker. Mr. Markell was appointed by President Harrison in 1892 secretary of legation to Brazil, and in 1893, while acting as charge d'affaires, induced the Brazilian government to remove the expediente tax on wheat flour from the United States, which he claimed was a violation of the reciprocity arrangement then in force between the two countries. He has written "Chamodine and other Poems " (Frederick, 1880); "The Chaskell Papers" (1804) ; and "Ypiranga: A Love Tale of the Brazils" (Baltimore, 1897).—His mother. Catherine Sue, b. in Frederick county, Md., 28 Feb., 1828, has written " Barbara Frietchie's Town " (Baltimore, 1808).
MARKLAND, Absolom Hanks, b. in Clarke county, Ky., 18 Feb., 1825 ; d. in Washington, D. C, 25 May, 1888. He was educated at Augusta college, and adopted the profession of law. He was a clerk in the interior department in 1849- '51, resumed the practice of his profession, in which he engaged till 1861, and in that year became U. S. mail agent, with the practical powers of postmaster-general for the National army. Under his administration the army mail system originated, and was personally conducted by him. After the fall of Savannah, Col. Markland was on Gen. Grant's staff at City Point. He was special agent in the post-office department for Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky in 1869-'75, and from the latter year till his death practised law in Washington. He declined the appointment of third assistant postmaster-general that was offered him by his old commander. President Grant, who entertained a warm personal regard for him.
MARTÍ. Josf Julián, Cubar. patriot, b. in Havana, 28 Jan., 18.53 ; d. at Dos Rio, Cuba, 19 May, 1895. His earlier education he received in his native city, but this was cut short in 1868 by his having been made a political presidiario. He was oliliged to work in the quarries in the garb and chains of a convict, and afterward was sent to Spain. He continued his studies at Madrid and .Saragossa, and graduated as a lawyer in the latter city in 1876. Señor Marti was a close student of the history of both Americas, and always upheld the capacity of Spanish America to reach unaided such a state of prosperity as would secure the permanent and friendly respect of all other nations. Twice he was a prisoner in Spain, and as often he escaped. For Cuba he demanded absolute liberty and separation from Spain. A good conversationalist and an orator of power, he led his countrymen in the cause of liberty, and has been looked to by them as the "soul" and creator of the recent Cuban revolution. He did not live to see the fruits of his labor, but was killed in battle with the Spaniards at Dos Rios. Apart from his political activities he was a noted teacher, journalist, and poet: was at one time professor of philosophy and literature in the University of Guatemala, New York consul for Uruguay, Paraguay, and the Argentine Republic, and later consul-general for the Argentine Republic, and a member of the Pan-American congress held in Washington. He contributed regularly to a number of journals, translated into Spanish Helen H. Jackson's novel " Kamona" (1888), published " Ismaellllo," a small volume of poems, and a book on Ouatemala, and wrote several plays. He founded the newspaper "La Patria," which is still published in New York.
MARTIN, John, senator, b. in Willson county, Tenn., 12 Nov., 1833. and was educated in the common schools. In 1855 he went to Kansas, settled at Tecumseh. and in the following year was admitted to practise law. In 1801 lie removed to Topeka, where he has since resided and practised his profession. He was a delegate to the Democratic convention of 1872, and was one of the committee to notify Mr. Greeley of his nomination for the presidency. He twice ran for the office of governor of Arkansas, but in both instances was defeated. In January. 1893, he was elected to the U. S. senate, to fill the unexpired term of Preston B. Plumb. His term expired 3 March. 1895.
MARTIN, Thomas Staples, senator, b. in Scottsville, Albemarle co., Va.. 20 July, 1847. After leaving the neighborhood classical school ho attended the Virginia military institute at Lexington. Va.. and the University of Virginia at
