BBOWN 201 BBOWNELL BROWN, ROBERT, a Scotch botanist, bom in Montrose, Dec. 21, 1773: re- ceived his education at Marischal College, Aberdeen, and afterward studied medi- cine at Edinburgh. In 1800 he was ap- pointed naturalist to Flinders' surveying expedition to Australia. He returned with nearly 4,000 species of plants, and was shortly after appointed librarian to the Linnaean Society. In 1810 he pub- lished the first volume of his great work, "Prodromus Floras Novae Hollandae et Insulae Van Diemen." He was the first English writer on botany who adopted the natural system of classification, which has since entirely superseded that of Linnaeus. In 1814 he published a botanical appendix to Flinders' account of his voyage, and in 1828 "A Brief Account of Microscopical Observations on the Particles Contained in the Pollen of Plants, and on the General Existence of Active Molecules in Or- ganic and Inorganic Bodies." He also wrote botanical appendices for the voyages of Ross and Parry, the Afri- can exploration of Denham and Clap- perton, and others. In 1810 he received the charge of the collections and library of Sir Joseph Banks. He transferred them in 1827 to the British Museum, and was appointed keeper of botany in that institution. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1811, D. C. L., Ox- ford, in 1832, a Foreign Associate of the French Academy of Sciences in 1833. President of the Linnaean Society in 1849. He died in London, June 10, 1858. As a naturalist Brown occupied the very highest rank among men of science. BROWNE, CHARLES FARRAR, an American humorist, best known as Ar- TEMUS Ward, born at Waterford, Me., April 26, 1834. Originally a printer, he became editor of papers in Ohio, where his humorous letters became very popu- lar. He subsequently lectured on Cali- fornia and Utah, and in England, where he contributed to "Punch." He died in Southampton, England, March 6, 1867. BROWNE, HABLOT KNIGHT, an English artist (pseudonym Phiz) ; best known as the illustrator of Dickens' works, beginning with "Pickwick" in 1836; born June 15, 1815; died July 8, 1882. BROWNE, JUNIUS HENRI, an American journalist, bom in Seneca Falls, N. Y., in 1833. He resided in New York City. Among his works are "Four Years in Secessia" (1865); "The Great Metropolis, a Mirror of New York" (1869); "Sights and Sensations in Europe" (1872). He died in 1902. BROWNE, SIR THOMAS, an Eng- lish antiquary and physician, born in London in 1605. After receiving an academic and a professional education in England, he visited the Continent and took the degree of M. D. at Leyden. He was knighted by Charles II. His prin- cipal work is "Religio Medici" (1642), a liberal confession of faith for that day. "Vulgar Errors," was directed against the current superstitions of his contempo- raries. "Um Burial" appeared in 1658. He died in 1682. BROWNE, WILLIAM, an English poet, born in Tavistock, Devonshire, in 1591; was educated at Oxford. His poetry is graceful and fanciful, and abounds in beautiful pictures of English scenery. His chief work is "Britannia's Pastorals" (1613-1616). "The Shep- herd's Pipe" (1614). "The Inner Tem- ple Masque" (1614-1615) tells the story of Ulysses and Circe. His minor poems are very fine. He died in Ottery St. Mary about 1643. ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING BROWNELL, WILLIAM CRARY, an American essayist and critic, born in New York City, Aug. 30, 1851. He graduated from Amherst, and devoted himself to critical and editorial work in New York. He became editor of "Scrib- ner's Magazine," and wrote "French Traits: an Essay on Comparative Criti- cism" (1889); "French Art" (1892); "Newport" (1896); "American Prose Masters" (1909); and "Criticism" (1914).
